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While reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promising performance, its sample complexity continues to be a substantial hurdle, restricting its broader application across a variety of domains. Imitation learning (IL) utilizes oracles to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xuefeng Liu , Takuma Yoneda , Rick L. Stevens , Matthew R. Walter , Yuxin Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has made significant strides in various complex domains. However, identifying an effective policy via RL often necessitates extensive exploration. Imitation learning aims to mitigate this issue by using expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xuefeng Liu , Takuma Yoneda , Chaoqi Wang , Matthew R. Walter , Yuxin Chen

Online imitation learning (IL) is an algorithmic framework that leverages interactions with expert policies for efficient policy optimization. Here policies are optimized by performing online learning on a sequence of loss functions that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Xinyan Yan , Byron Boots , Ching-An Cheng

Policy gradient (PG) methods are popular reinforcement learning (RL) methods where a baseline is often applied to reduce the variance of gradient estimates. In multi-agent RL (MARL), although the PG theorem can be naturally extended, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Muning Wen , Yaodong Yang , Linghui Meng , Shangding Gu , Haifeng Zhang , David Henry Mguni , Jun Wang

This work presents Mamba Imitation Learning (MaIL), a novel imitation learning (IL) architecture that provides an alternative to state-of-the-art (SoTA) Transformer-based policies. MaIL leverages Mamba, a state-space model designed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Xiaogang Jia , Qian Wang , Atalay Donat , Bowen Xing , Ge Li , Hongyi Zhou , Onur Celik , Denis Blessing , Rudolf Lioutikov , Gerhard Neumann

We consider an improper reinforcement learning setting where a learner is given $M$ base controllers for an unknown Markov decision process, and wishes to combine them optimally to produce a potentially new controller that can outperform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Mohammadi Zaki , Avinash Mohan , Aditya Gopalan , Shie Mannor

Multi-agent imitation learning (MA-IL) aims to learn optimal policies from expert demonstrations of interactions in multi-agent interactive domains. Despite existing guarantees on the performance of the resulting learned policies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Antoine Bergerault , Volkan Cevher , Negar Mehr

This work studies a Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem in which we are given a set of trajectories collected with K baseline policies. Each of these policies can be quite suboptimal in isolation, and have strong performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Teodor V. Marinov , Alekh Agarwal , Mircea Trofin

We develop a simple framework to learn bio-inspired foraging policies using human data. We conduct an experiment where humans are virtually immersed in an open field foraging environment and are trained to collect the highest amount of…

Imitation learning (IL) consists of a set of tools that leverage expert demonstrations to quickly learn policies. However, if the expert is suboptimal, IL can yield policies with inferior performance compared to reinforcement learning (RL).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Ching-An Cheng , Xinyan Yan , Nolan Wagener , Byron Boots

Imitation Learning (IL) is a machine learning approach to learn a policy from a dataset of demonstrations. IL can be useful to kick-start learning before applying reinforcement learning (RL) but it can also be useful on its own, e.g. to…

This work investigates multi-objective imitation learning: the problem of recovering policies that lie on the Pareto front given demonstrations from multiple Pareto-optimal experts in a Multi-Objective Markov Decision Process (MOMDP).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ziyad Sheebaelhamd , Luca Viano , Volkan Cevher , Claire Vernade

In sequential decision-making environments, the primary approaches for training agents are Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Imitation Learning (IL). Unlike RL, which relies on modeling a reward function, IL leverages expert demonstrations,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Jonas Nüßlein , Maximilian Zorn , Philipp Altmann , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

To achieve general intelligence, agents must learn how to interact with others in a shared environment: this is the challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL). The simplest form is independent reinforcement learning (InRL), where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Marc Lanctot , Vinicius Zambaldi , Audrunas Gruslys , Angeliki Lazaridou , Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , David Silver , Thore Graepel

Imitation learning (IL) is a simple and powerful way to use high-quality human driving data, which can be collected at scale, to produce human-like behavior. However, policies based on imitation learning alone often fail to sufficiently…

We tackle a common scenario in imitation learning (IL), where agents try to recover the optimal policy from expert demonstrations without further access to the expert or environment reward signals. Except the simple Behavior Cloning (BC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Minghuan Liu , Tairan He , Minkai Xu , Weinan Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) in large or infinite state spaces is notoriously challenging, both theoretically (where worst-case sample and computational complexities must scale with state space cardinality) and experimentally (where function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Marcel Hussing , Michael Kearns , Aaron Roth , Sikata Bela Sengupta , Jessica Sorrell

We study a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problem where the agents interact over a given network. The goal of the agents is to cooperatively maximize the average of their entropy-regularized long-term rewards. To overcome the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yizhou Zhang , Guannan Qu , Pan Xu , Yiheng Lin , Zaiwei Chen , Adam Wierman

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the behaviors that agents learn in a single Markov Game (MG) are typically confined to the given agent number. Every single MG induced by varying the population may possess distinct optimal joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Shenao Zhang , Li Shen , Lei Han , Li Shen

In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), independent learning (IL) often shows remarkable performance and easily scales with the number of agents. Yet, using IL can be inefficient and runs the risk of failing to successfully train,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-06 David Mguni , Haojun Chen , Taher Jafferjee , Jianhong Wang , Long Fei , Xidong Feng , Stephen McAleer , Feifei Tong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang
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