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Related papers: Compositional layering in Io driven by magmatic se…

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Compositional convection is atmospheric mixing driven by density variations caused by compositional gradients. Previous studies have suggested that compositional gradients of atmospheric trace species within planetary atmospheres can impact…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Namrah Habib , Raymond T. Pierrehumbert

Along the I24, I27 and I31 flybys of Io (1999-2001), the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) onboard the Galileo spacecraft observed localised regions of energetic protons losses (155 keV-1250 keV). Using back-tracking particle simulations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-03 H. L. F. Huybrighs , C. P. A. van Buchem , A. Blöcker , V. Dols , C. F. Bowers , C. M. Jackman

Many astrophysical systems of interest, including protoplanetary accretion disks, are made of turbu- lent magnetized gas with near solar metallicity. Thermal ionization of alkali metals in such gas exceeds non-thermal ionization when…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Alexander Hubbard , Colin McNally , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low

(Exo-)planets inherit their budget of chemical elements from a protoplanetary disk. The disk temperature determines the phase of each chemical species, which sets the composition of solids and gas available for planet formation. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-23 Kan Chen , Mihkel Kama , Paola Pinilla , Luke Keyte

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10^-6 to 10^+1 bars) ranges, which overlap the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Laura Schaefer , Bruce Fegley

Molecular segregation in methanol-water mixtures is studied across a wide concentration range as a function of temperature and pressure. Cluster distributions obtained from both neutron diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations point…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 L. Dougan , R. Hargreaves , S. P. Bates , J. L. Finney , V. Reat , A. K. Soper , J. Crain

Turbulence is crucial for protoplanetary disk dynamics, and Vertical Shear Instability (VSI) is a promising mechanism in outer disk regions to generate turbulence. We use Athena++ radiation module to study VSI in full and transition disks,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-12 Shangjia Zhang , Zhaohuan Zhu , Yan-Fei Jiang

Protoplanetary discs are dynamic environments where the interplay between chemical processes and mass transport shapes the composition of gas and dust available for planet formation. We investigate the combined effects of volatile chemistry…

There is compelling evidence for subsurface water oceans among the three outer Galilean satellites, and evidence for an internal magma ocean in the innermost moon, Io. Tidal forces from Jupiter periodically deform these bodies, causing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-10 Hamish C. F. C. Hay , Antony Trinh , Isamu Matsuyama

Europa's surface exhibits many regions of complex topography termed 'chaos terrains'. One set of hypotheses for chaos terrain formation requires upward migration of liquid water from perched water bodies within the icy shell formed by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-29 Robert Law

A model in which a projectile like fragment can be simply regarded as a remnant after removal of some part of the projectile leads to an excited fragment. This excitation energy can be calculated with a Hamiltonian that gives correct…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 S. Das Gupta , S. Mallik , G. Chaudhuri

The observed low densities of gas giant planets with a high equilibrium temperature can be simulated in models when a fraction of the surface radiation is deposited deeper in the interior. Meanwhile migration theories suggest that hot…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Marit Mol Lous , Yamila Miguel

The layered polar caps of Mars have long been thought to be related to variations in orbit and axial tilt. We dynamically link Mars's past climate variations with the stratigraphy and isotopic composition of its ice by modeling the exchange…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-27 Eran Vos , Oded Aharonson , Norbert Schorghofer

Double diffusive staircases are investigated experimentally in a fluid layer with a stabilizing temperature gradient and a destabilizing gradient of ion concentration. Gradients of temperature and ion concentration are maintained in a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-11-23 A. Rosenthal , K. Lüdemann , A. Tilgner

In order to compare the x-wind with observations, one needs to be able to calculate its thermal and ionization properties. We formulate the physical basis for the streamline-by-streamline integration of the ionization and heat equations of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 H. Shang , A. E. Glassgold , F. H. Shu , S. Lizano

We create a photoionization model embedded in the turbulent ISM by using the state-of-the-art Messenger Monte-Carlo MAPPINGS~V code (M$^3$) in conjunction with the CMFGEN stellar atmosphere model. We show that the turbulent ISM causes the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-03 Yifei Jin , Lisa J. Kewley , Ralph S. Sutherland

We study fragmentation of small atomistic clusters via molecular dynamics. We calculate the time scales related to fragment formation and emission. We also show that some degree of thermalization is achieved during the expansion process,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Strachan , C. O. Dorso

We present a model for the formation of large organic molecules in dark clouds. The molecules are produced in the high density gas-phase that exists immediately after ice mantles are explosively sublimated. The explosions are initiated by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 J. M. C. Rawlings , D. A. Williams , S. Viti , C. Cecchi-Pestellini

We examine four candidate mechanisms that could explain the high surface temperatures of magnetars. (1) Heat flux from the liquid core heated by ambipolar diffusion. It could sustain the observed surface luminosity $L_s\approx 10^{35}$…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-12-28 Andrei M. Beloborodov , Xinyu Li

The expansion of the rotating fluid will change the vorticity and rotational speed of the expanding region. In turbulent thermal convection, this microscopic effect is preserved. Tracking the fluid micelles shows that the average vorticity…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-03 Haibin Chen , Rong Wu