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We define the elastic energy of smooth immersed closed curves in $\mathbb{R}^n$ as the sum of the length and the $L^2$-norm of the curvature, with respect to the length measure. We prove that the $L^2$-gradient flow of this energy smoothly…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Carlo Mantegazza , Marco Pozzetta

We study the evolution of curves with fixed length and clamped boundary conditions moving by the negative $L^2$-gradient flow of the elastic energy. For any initial curve lying merely in the energy space we show existence and parabolic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-07-03 Fabian Rupp , Adrian Spener

In this paper, we consider the $L^2$-gradient flow for the modified $p$-elastic energy defined on planar closed curves. We formulate a notion of weak solution for the flow and prove the existence of global-in-time weak solutions with $p \ge…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-06-18 Shinya Okabe , Glen Wheeler

We examine the L^2-gradient flow of Euler's elastic energy for closed curves in hyperbolic space and prove convergence to the global minimizer for initial curves with elastic energy bounded by 16. We show the sharpness of this bound by…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-03-20 Marius Müller , Adrian Spener

We prove long-time existence for the negative $L^2$-gradient flow of the $p$-elastic energy, $p\geq 2$, with an additive positive multiple of the length of the curve. To achieve this result we regularize the energy by adding a small…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-04-22 Simon Blatt , Christopher Hopper , Nicole Vorderobermeier

We study the evolution of closed inextensible planar curves under a second order flow that decreases the $p$-elastic energy. A short time existence result for $p \in (1,\infty)$ is obtained via a minimizing movements method. For $p = 2$,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-11-19 Shinya Okabe , Paola Pozzi , Glen Wheeler

We consider closed curves in the hyperbolic space moving by the $L^2$-gradient flow of the elastic energy and prove well-posedness and long time existence. Under the additional penalisation of the length we show subconvergence to critical…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-10-27 Anna Dall'Acqua , Adrian Spener

In this paper we study the $H^2(ds)$-gradient flow for the modified elastic energy defined on closed curves in $\mathbb{R}^n$. We prove the existence of a unique global-in-time solution to the flow and establish full convergence to elastica…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-01-30 Shinya Okabe , Philip Schrader

The elastic flow, which is the $L^2$-gradient flow of the elastic energy, has several applications in geometry and elasticity theory. We present stable discretizations for the elastic flow in two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds that are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-11-01 John W. Barrett , Harald Garcke , Robert Nürnberg

We study families of smooth, embedded, regular planar curves $ \alpha : \left [-1,1 \right ]\times \left [0,T \right )\to \mathbb{R}^{2}$ with generalised Neumann boundary conditions inside cones, satisfying three variants of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-11-25 Mashniah A. Gazwani , James A. McCoy

The free elastic flow is the $L^2$-gradient flow for Euler's elastic energy, or equivalently the Willmore flow with translation invariant initial data. In contrast to elastic flows under length penalisation or preservation, it is more…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Tatsuya Miura , Glen Wheeler

We prove full convergence of gradient-flows of the arc-length restricted tangent point energies in the Hilbert-case towards critical points. This is done through a {\L}ojasiewicz-Simon gradient inequality for these energies. In order to do…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Elias Döhrer , Nicolas Freches

We introduce a novel energy method that reinterprets ``curve shortening'' as ``tangent aligning''. This conceptual shift enables the variational study of infinite-length curves evolving by the curve shortening flow, as well as higher order…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Tatsuya Miura , Fabian Rupp

In this paper we consider the elastic energy for open curves in Euclidean space subject to clamped boundary conditions and obtain the \L ojasiewicz-Simon gradient inequality for this energy functional. Thanks to this inequality we can prove…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-04-27 Anna Dall'Acqua , Paola Pozzi , Adrian Spener

We study the length-preserving elastic flow of curves in arbitrary codimension with free boundary on hypersurfaces. This constrained gradient flow is given by a nonlocal evolution equation with nonlinear higher-order boundary conditions. We…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Anna Dall'Acqua , Manuel Schlierf

We study the elastic flow of closed curves and of open curves with clamped boundary conditions in the hyperbolic plane. While global existence and convergence toward critical points for initial data with sufficiently small energy is already…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-08-30 Manuel Schlierf

In this paper we consider the evolution of regular closed elastic curves $\gamma$ immersed in $\R^n$. Equipping the ambient Euclidean space with a vector field $\ca:\R^n\rightarrow\R^n$ and a function $f:\R^n\rightarrow\R$, we assume the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-05-29 Glen Wheeler

We investigate the asymptotic stability of the length-penalized elastic flow of curves with boundary points constrained to the $x$-axis in $\mathbb{R}^2$. The main tool in our analysis is the Lojasiewicz--Simon inequality, which is used to…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Antonia Diana

We study positivity-preserving properties for the elastic flow of non-compact, complete curves in Euclidean space. Despite the fact that the canonical elastic energy is infinite in this context, we extend our recent work based on the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Tatsuya Miura , Fabian Rupp

For each integer $m\ge0$ we study the $m$-ideal energy \[ E_m[\gamma]:=\frac12\int_\gamma k_{s^m}^2\,ds \] on closed immersed planar curves, where $k$ is signed curvature and $s$ is arclength; $k^2_{s^m} := (k_{s^m})^2$. The $m$-ideal…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-12 James McCoy , Glen Wheeler
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