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Building agents based on tree-search planning capabilities with learned models has achieved remarkable success in classic decision-making problems, such as Go and Atari. However, it has been deemed challenging or even infeasible to extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Yazhe Niu , Yuan Pu , Zhenjie Yang , Xueyan Li , Tong Zhou , Jiyuan Ren , Shuai Hu , Hongsheng Li , Yu Liu

Planning problems are among the most important and well-studied problems in artificial intelligence. They are most typically solved by tree search algorithms that simulate ahead into the future, evaluate future states, and back-up those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Arthur Guez , Théophane Weber , Ioannis Antonoglou , Karen Simonyan , Oriol Vinyals , Daan Wierstra , Rémi Munos , David Silver

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) has achieved state-of-the-art results in many domains such as Go and Atari games when combining with deep neural networks (DNNs). When more simulations are executed, MCTS can achieve higher performance but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Li-Cheng Lan , Meng-Yu Tsai , Ti-Rong Wu , I-Chen Wu , Cho-Jui Hsieh

This paper introduces COR-MCTS (Conservation of Resources - Monte Carlo Tree Search), a novel tactical decision-making approach for automated driving focusing on maneuver planning over extended horizons. Traditional decision-making…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Karim Essalmi , Fernando Garrido , Fawzi Nashashibi

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is an immensely popular search-based framework used for decision making. It is traditionally applied to domains where a perfect simulation model of the environment is available. We study and improve MCTS in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Farnaz Kohankhaki , Kiarash Aghakasiri , Hongming Zhang , Ting-Han Wei , Chao Gao , Martin Müller

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a best-first sampling method employed in the search for optimal decisions. The effectiveness of MCTS relies on the construction of its statistical tree, with the selection policy playing a crucial role. A…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Edgar Galvan , Fred Valdez Ameneyro

We propose a provably correct Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithm for solving risk-aware Markov decision processes (MDPs) with entropic risk measure (ERM) objectives. We provide a non-asymptotic analysis of our proposed algorithm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Pedro P. Santos , Jacopo Silvestrin , Alberto Sardinha , Francisco S. Melo

A recent theoretical analysis of a Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) method properly modified from the ``upper confidence bound applied to trees" (UCT) algorithm established a surprising result, due to a great deal of empirical successes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Hyeong Soo Chang

We consider the popular tree-based search strategy within the framework of reinforcement learning, the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), in the context of finite-horizon Markov decision process. We propose a dynamic sampling tree policy that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Gongbo Zhang , Yijie Peng , Yilong Xu

We present a new Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm to solve the stochastic orienteering problem with chance constraints, i.e., a version of the problem where travel costs are random, and one is assigned a bound on the tolerable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Stefano Carpin

Dynamic resource allocation (DRA) problems are an important class of dynamic stochastic optimization problems that arise in a variety of important real-world applications. DRA problems are notoriously difficult to solve to optimality since…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-05-22 Dimitris Bertsimas , J. Daniel Griffith , Vishal Gupta , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Velibor V. Mišić , Robert Moss

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) efficiently balances exploration and exploitation in tree search based on count-derived uncertainty. However, these local visit counts ignore a second type of uncertainty induced by the size of the subtree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Thomas M Moerland , Joost Broekens , Aske Plaat , Catholijn M Jonker

Deep Neural Network guided Monte-Carlo Tree Search (DNN-MCTS) is a powerful class of AI algorithms. In DNN-MCTS, a Deep Neural Network model is trained collaboratively with a dynamic Monte-Carlo search tree to guide the agent towards…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuan Meng , Qian Wang , Tianxin Zu , Viktor Prasanna

Probabilistic search algorithms, such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), have proven very effective in solving sequential decision-making tasks under uncertainty. However, interpreting asymmetric search trees that incorporate bandit-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Siqi Lu , Mirsaleh Bahavarnia , Hiba Baroud , Yixuan Zhang , Hemant Purohit , Ayan Mukhopadhyay

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithms have achieved great success on many challenging benchmarks (e.g., Computer Go). However, they generally require a large number of rollouts, making their applications costly. Furthermore, it is also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Anji Liu , Jianshu Chen , Mingze Yu , Yu Zhai , Xuewen Zhou , Ji Liu

This paper introduces the MCTS algorithm to the financial world and focuses on solving significant multi-period financial planning models by combining a Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm with a deep neural network. The MCTS provides an…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-05-19 Afşar Onat Aydınhan , Xiaoyue Li , John M. Mulvey

Inspired by recent successes of Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) in a number of artificial intelligence (AI) application domains, we propose a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) technique that iteratively applies MCTS on batches of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Daniel R. Jiang , Emmanuel Ekwedike , Han Liu

With the aim of improving performance in Markov Decision Problem in an Off-Policy setting, we suggest taking inspiration from what is done in Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL). In Offline RL, it is a common practice during policy learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jérôme Arjonilla , Abdallah Saffidine , Tristan Cazenave

The combination of deep learning and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has shown to be effective in various domains, such as board and video games. AlphaGo represented a significant step forward in our ability to learn complex board games, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Alexandre Borges , Arlindo Oliveira

In large domains, Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) is required to estimate the values of the states as efficiently and accurately as possible. However, the standard update rule in backpropagation assumes a stationary distribution for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Yueqin Li , Nengli Lim