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This paper considers binary and multilabel classification problems in a setting where labels are missing independently and with a known rate. Missing labels are a ubiquitous phenomenon in extreme multi-label classification (XMC) tasks, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Erik Schultheis , Rohit Babbar

Extreme multi-label classification (XMC) is the problem of finding the relevant labels for an input, from a very large universe of possible labels. We consider XMC in the setting where labels are available only for groups of samples - but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yanyao Shen , Hsiang-fu Yu , Sujay Sanghavi , Inderjit Dhillon

The goal in extreme multi-label classification is to learn a classifier which can assign a small subset of relevant labels to an instance from an extremely large set of target labels. Datasets in extreme classification exhibit a long tail…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-06 Rohit Babbar , Bernhard Schölkopf

The extreme multi-label classification~(XMC) task involves learning a classifier that can predict from a large label set the most relevant subset of labels for a data instance. While deep neural networks~(DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Ken Nishida , Kojiro Machi , Kazuma Onishi , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Hidetaka Kamigaito

Multi-label classification is the task of assigning a subset of labels to a given query instance. For evaluating such predictions, the set of predicted labels needs to be compared to the ground-truth label set associated with that instance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Eyke Hüllermeier , Marcel Wever , Eneldo Loza Mencia , Johannes Fürnkranz , Michael Rapp

Multi-label classification has received considerable interest in recent years. Multi-label classifiers have to address many problems including: handling large-scale datasets with many instances and a large set of labels, compensating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Amirhossein Akbarnejad , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Extreme multilabel classification (XMLC) problems occur in settings such as related product recommendation, large-scale document tagging, or ad prediction, and are characterized by a label space that can span millions of possible labels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Nasib Ullah , Erik Schultheis , Jinbin Zhang , Rohit Babbar

Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMC) involves learning a classifier that can assign an input with a subset of most relevant labels from millions of label choices. Recent works in this domain have increasingly focused on a symmetric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Siddhant Kharbanda , Devaansh Gupta , Erik Schultheis , Atmadeep Banerjee , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Rohit Babbar

The objective in extreme multi-label learning is to train a classifier that can automatically tag a novel data point with the most relevant subset of labels from an extremely large label set. Embedding based approaches make training and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-13 Kush Bhatia , Himanshu Jain , Purushottam Kar , Prateek Jain , Manik Varma

Extreme multi-label classification or XMLC, is an active area of interest in machine learning. Compared to traditional multi-label classification, here the number of labels is extremely large, hence, the name extreme multi-label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Arpan Dasgupta , Preeti Lamba , Ankita Kushwaha , Kiran Ravish , Siddhant Katyan , Shrutimoy Das , Pawan Kumar

We present a new loss function called Distribution-Balanced Loss for the multi-label recognition problems that exhibit long-tailed class distributions. Compared to conventional single-label classification problem, multi-label recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Tong Wu , Qingqiu Huang , Ziwei Liu , Yu Wang , Dahua Lin

Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMTC) has been a tough challenge in machine learning research and applications due to the sheer sizes of the label spaces and the severe data scarce problem associated with the long tail of rare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Ruohong Zhang , Yau-Shian Wang , Yiming Yang , Donghan Yu , Tom Vu , Likun Lei

In this paper, we focus on data augmentation for the extreme multi-label classification (XMC) problem. One of the most challenging issues of XMC is the long tail label distribution where even strong models suffer from insufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Danqing Zhang , Tao Li , Haiyang Zhang , Bing Yin

Extreme multi-label classification (XMC) aims to learn a model that can tag data points with a subset of relevant labels from an extremely large label set. Real world e-commerce applications like personalized recommendations and product…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Tavor Z. Baharav , Daniel L. Jiang , Kedarnath Kolluri , Sujay Sanghavi , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Extreme Multi-label Classification (XMC) involves predicting a subset of relevant labels from an extremely large label space, given an input query and labels with textual features. Models developed for this problem have conventionally made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Siddhant Kharbanda , Devaansh Gupta , Gururaj K , Pankaj Malhotra , Amit Singh , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Rohit Babbar

The extreme multi-label classification (XMC) task aims at tagging content with a subset of labels from an extremely large label set. The label vocabulary is typically defined in advance by domain experts and assumed to capture all necessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Daniel Simig , Fabio Petroni , Pouya Yanki , Kashyap Popat , Christina Du , Sebastian Riedel , Majid Yazdani

Uncertainty quantification is one of the most crucial tasks to obtain trustworthy and reliable machine learning models for decision making. However, most research in this domain has only focused on problems with small label spaces and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Jyun-Yu Jiang , Wei-Cheng Chang , Jiong Zhong , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Hsiang-Fu Yu

For extreme multi-label classification (XMC), existing classification-based models poorly perform for tail labels and often ignore the semantic relations among labels, like treating "Wikipedia" and "Wiki" as independent and separate labels.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Taehee Jung , Joo-Kyung Kim , Sungjin Lee , Dongyeop Kang

Extreme multi-label classification (XMLC) is the task of selecting a small subset of relevant labels from a very large set of possible labels. As such, it is characterized by long-tail labels, i.e., most labels have very few positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Erik Schultheis , Marek Wydmuch , Wojciech Kotłowski , Rohit Babbar , Krzysztof Dembczyński

Extreme Classification (XC) aims to map a query to the most relevant documents from a very large document set. XC algorithms used in real-world applications learn this mapping from datasets curated from implicit feedback, such as user…

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