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The validity of the emission line luminosity vs. ionised gas velocity dispersion ($L - \sigma$) correlation for HII galaxies (HIIGx), and its potential as an accurate distance estimator are assessed. For a sample of 128 local ($0.02\lesssim…

We present $^{12}$CO(1-0) and $^{12}$CO(2-1) observations of a sample of 20 star-forming dwarfs selected from the Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey, with oxygen abundances ranging from 12 + log(O/H) ~ 8.1 to 8.8. CO emission is observed in ten…

Dust emission at submillimeter wavelengths can be used to reliably trace the basic properties of molecular clouds. Early results from a recent Submillimeter Array (SMA) survey of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) include the first detections of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-11 Chloe Bosomworth , Jan Forbrich , Charles J. Lada , Glen Petitpas

We introduce a new photometric estimator of the HI mass fraction (M_HI/M_*) in local galaxies, which is a linear combination of four parameters: stellar mass, stellar surface mass density, NUV-r colour, and g-i colour gradient. It is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Cheng Li , Guinevere Kauffmann , Jian Fu , Jing Wang , Barbara Catinella , Silvia Fabello , David Schiminovich , Wei Zhang

In this review, I discuss some highlights of recent research on molecular gas in galaxies; large-scale CO maps of nearby galaxies are being made, which extend our knowledge on global properties, radial gradients, and spiral structure of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 F. Combes

We make use of our 'minimal' cold interstellar medium (ISM) emission line model that predicts the molecular and atomic line emission per unit dense, star-forming gas mass (Geach & Papadopoulos 2012; Paper I) to examine the utility of key…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Padelis P. Papadopoulos , James E. Geach

The CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor ($\alpha_\rm{CO}$) is central to measuring the amount and properties of molecular gas. It is known to vary with environmental conditions, and previous studies have revealed lower $\alpha_\rm{CO}$ in the…

We present theoretically-established values of the CO-to-H2 and C-to-H2 conversion factors that may be used to estimate the gas masses of external galaxies. We consider four distinct galaxy types, represented by M51, NGC 6946, M82 and SMC…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 T. A. Bell , S. Viti , D. A. Williams

The molecular gas in the interstellar medium (ISM) of star-forming galaxy populations exhibits diverse physical properties. We investigate the $^{12}$CO excitation of twelve dusty, luminous star-forming galaxies at $z \sim 2-4$ by combining…

Walter et al. (20012) have recently identified the J=6-5, 5-4, and 2-1 CO rotational emission lines, and [C_{II}] fine-structure emission line from the star-forming interstellar medium in the high-redshift submillimeter source HDF 850.1, at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-08 Natalie Mashian , Amiel Sternberg , Abraham Loeb

The PdBI (Plateau de Bure Interferometer) Arcsecond Whirlpool Survey (PAWS) has mapped the molecular gas in the central ~9kpc of M51 in its 12CO(1-0) line emission at cloud-scale resolution of ~40pc using both IRAM telescopes. We utilize…

We investigate the relationship between HI, H_2, and the star formation rate (SFR) using azimuthally averaged data for seven CO-bright spiral galaxies. Contrary to some earlier studies based on global fluxes, we find that the SFR surface…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Tony Wong , Leo Blitz

We use ALMA observations of four sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) at $z\sim2-3$ to investigate the spatially resolved properties of the inter-stellar medium (ISM) at scales of 1--5 kpc (0.1--0.6$''$). The velocity fields of our sources,…

[abridged] Aims. The aim of the present paper is to provide new and more detailed relations at the kpc scale between the gas surface density and the face-on optical depth directly calibrated on galaxies, in order to compute the attenuation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 M. Boquien , A. Boselli , V. Buat , M. Baes , G. Bendo , S. Boissier , L. Ciesla , A. Cooray , L. Cortese , S. Eales , J. Koda , V. Lebouteiller , I. de Looze , M. W. L. Smith , L. Spinoglio , C. D. Wilson

In order to study the ISM and the interplay between the atomic and molecular components in a low-metallicity environment, we present a complete high angular and spectral resolution map and data cube of the 12CO(2-1) emission from the Local…

We explore the relationship between stellar surface density and gas surface density (the star-gas or S-G correlation) in a 20,000 M$_{\odot}$ simulation from the STAR FORmation in Gaseous Environments (STARFORGE) Project. We create…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-10-19 Samuel Millstone , Robert Gutermuth , Stella S. R. Offner , Riwaj Pokhrel , Michael Y. Grudić

We present observations of CO(3-2) in 13 main-sequence $z=2.0-2.5$ star-forming galaxies at $\log(M_*/M_{\odot})=10.2-10.6$ that span a wide range in metallicity (O/H) based on rest-optical spectroscopy. We find that CO(3-2)/SFR decreases…

The processes regulating star formation in galaxies are thought to act across a hierarchy of spatial scales. To connect extragalactic star formation relations from global and kpc-scale measurements to recent cloud-scale resolution studies,…

Carbon monoxide (CO) provides crucial information about the molecular gas properties of galaxies. While $^{12}$CO has been targeted extensively, isotopologues such as $^{13}$CO have the advantage of being less optically thick and…

We present new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) results obtained from spatially resolved CO $J$=2-1 line ($0.4''$ resolution) and 870 $\mu$m continuum ($0.2''$ resolution) observations of cluster galaxies in XMMXCS…