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The complexity and scale of IT systems are increasing dramatically, posing many challenges to real-world anomaly detection. Deep learning anomaly detection has emerged, aiming at feature learning and anomaly scoring, which has gained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Xue Yang , Enda Howley , Micheal Schukat

Self-play reinforcement learning has demonstrated significant success in learning complex strategic and interactive behaviors in competitive multi-agent games. However, achieving such behaviors in continuous decision spaces remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Akash Karthikeyan , Yash Vardhan Pant

Cyber Threat hunting is a proactive search for known attack behaviors in the organizational information system. It is an important component to mitigate advanced persistent threats (APTs). However, the attack behaviors recorded in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Renzheng Wei , Lijun Cai , Aimin Yu , Dan Meng

Security challenges accompany the efficiency. The pervasive integration of information and communications technologies (ICTs) makes cyber-physical systems vulnerable to targeted attacks that are deceptive, persistent, adaptive and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Linan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

Extensive research demonstrates that Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) models are susceptible to adversarially constructed inputs (i.e., adversarial examples), which can mislead the agent to take suboptimal or unsafe actions. Recent methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shenghong He

Adversarial attacks, particularly patch attacks, pose significant threats to the robustness and reliability of deep learning models. Developing reliable defenses against patch attacks is crucial for real-world applications. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Caixin Kang , Yinpeng Dong , Zhengyi Wang , Shouwei Ruan , Yubo Chen , Hang Su , Xingxing Wei

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) provide profitable surfaces for hardware attacks such as hardware Trojans. Hardware Trojans can implement stealthy attacks such as leaking critical information, taking control of devices or harm humans. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Sofia Maragkou , Axel Jantsch

Compute-in-memory accelerators built upon non-volatile memory devices excel in energy efficiency and latency when performing deep neural network (DNN) inference, thanks to their in-situ data processing capability. However, the stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yifan Qin , Zheyu Yan , Dailin Gan , Jun Xia , Zixuan Pan , Wujie Wen , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Yiyu Shi

Dynamic taint analysis (DTA) has been widely used in various security-relevant scenarios that need to track the runtime information flow of programs. Dynamic binary instrumentation (DBI) is a prevalent technique in achieving effective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Xiao Kan , Cong Sun , Shen Liu , Yongzhe Huang , Gang Tan , Siqi Ma , Yumei Zhang

The replay attack detection problem is studied from a new perspective based on parity space method in this paper. The proposed detection methods have the ability to distinguish system fault and replay attack, handle both input and output…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-06 Dong Zhao , Yang Shi , Steven X. Ding , Yueyang Li , Fangzhou Fu

This paper presents DeepStage, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for adaptive and stage-aware defense against Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). The enterprise environment is formulated as a partially observable Markov decision…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Trung V. Phan , Tri Gia Nguyen , Thomas Bauschert

Developing secure machine learning models from adversarial examples is challenging as various methods are continually being developed to generate adversarial attacks. In this work, we propose an evolutionary approach to automatically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Kishor Datta Gupta , Zahid Akhtar , Dipankar Dasgupta

This paper investigates the security issue of the data replay attacks on the control systems. The attacker is assumed to interfere with the control system process in a steady-state case. The problem is presented as the standard way to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-21 Amirreza Zaman , Behrouz Safarinejadian

Deep neural networks remain highly vulnerable to adversarial examples, and most defenses collapse once gradients can be reliably estimated. We identify \emph{gradient consensus} -- the tendency of randomized transformations to yield aligned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Amira Guesmi , Muhammad Shafique

The new cyber attack pattern of advanced persistent threat (APT) has posed a serious threat to modern society. This paper addresses the APT defense problem, i.e., the problem of how to effectively defend against an APT campaign. Based on a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Pengdeng Li , Lu-Xing Yang , Xiaofan Yang , Qingyu Xiong , Junhao Wen , Yuan Yan Tang

Efficient defense against dynamically evolving advanced persistent threats (APT) requires the structured threat intelligence feeds, such as techniques used. However, existing threat-intelligence extraction techniques predominantly focuses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ming Xu , Hongtai Wang , Jiahao Liu , Xinfeng Li , Zhengmin Yu , Weili Han , Hoon Wei Lim , Jin Song Dong , Jiaheng Zhang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known vulnerable to adversarial attacks. That is, adversarial examples, obtained by adding delicately crafted distortions onto original legal inputs, can mislead a DNN to classify them as any target labels.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-17 Siyue Wang , Xiao Wang , Pu Zhao , Wujie Wen , David Kaeli , Peter Chin , Xue Lin

As a new type of cyber attacks, advanced persistent threats (APTs) pose a severe threat to modern society. This paper focuses on the assessment of the risk of APTs. Based on a dynamic model characterizing the time evolution of the state of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Xiaofan Yang , Tianrui Zhang , Lu-Xing Yang , Luosheng Wen , Yuan Yan Tang

Provenance-based threat hunting identifies Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) on endpoints by correlating attack patterns described in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) with provenance graphs derived from system audit logs. A fundamental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Xuebo Qiu , Mingqi Lv , Yimei Zhang , Tieming Chen , Tiantian Zhu , Qijie Song , Shouling Ji

The new generation of botnets leverages Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques to conceal the identity of botmasters and the attack intention to avoid detection. Unfortunately, there has not been an existing assessment tool capable of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Hooman Alavizadeh , Julian Jang-Jaccard , Tansu Alpcan , Seyit A. Camtepe