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While utilizing syntactic tools such as parts-of-speech (POS) tagging has helped us understand sentence structures and their distribution across diverse corpora, it is quite complex and poses a challenge in natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Abhijeet Sahdev

Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL) is a programming language used to develop business applications that are widely adopted by financial, business, and government agencies. Due to its age, complexity, and declining number of COBOL…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Fangjian Lei , Jiawen Liu , Shayan Noei , Ying Zou , Derek Truong , William Alexander

We implement extraction of Coq programs to functional languages based on MetaCoq's certified erasure. We extend the MetaCoq erasure output language with typing information and use it as an intermediate representation, which we call…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-21 Danil Annenkov , Mikkel Milo , Jakob Botsch Nielsen , Bas Spitters

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems, central to decision-making scenarios like logistics and manufacturing, are traditionally solved using problem-specific algorithms requiring significant domain expertise. While large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xia Jiang , Yaoxin Wu , Minshuo Li , Zhiguang Cao , Yingqian Zhang

In this paper, we propose Conceptual Codebook Learning (CoCoLe), a novel fine-tuning method for vision-language models (VLMs) to address the challenge of improving the generalization capability of VLMs while fine-tuning them on downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yi Zhang , Ke Yu , Siqi Wu , Zhihai He

We describe our experience implementing a broad category-theory library in Coq. Category theory and computational performance are not usually mentioned in the same breath, but we have needed substantial engineering effort to teach Coq to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-04 Jason Gross , Adam Chlipala , David I. Spivak

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being applied across various domains, including code-related tasks such as code translation. Previous studies have explored using LLMs for translating code between different programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Soumit Kanti Saha , Fazle Rabbi , Song Wang , Jinqiu Yang

Language models typically tokenize text into subwords, using a deterministic, hand-engineered heuristic of combining characters into longer surface-level strings such as 'ing' or whole words. Recent literature has repeatedly shown the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Avijit Thawani , Saurabh Ghanekar , Xiaoyuan Zhu , Jay Pujara

Large language models (LLMs) excel at general programming but struggle with domain-specific software development, necessitating domain specialization methods for LLMs to learn and utilize domain knowledge and data. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xue Jiang , Ge Li , Jiaru Qian , Xianjie Shi , Chenjie Li , Hao Zhu , Ziyu Wang , Jielun Zhang , Zheyu Zhao , Lingwei Wu , Kechi Zhang , Jia Li , Wenpin Jiao , Zhi Jin , Yihong Dong

Code retrieval helps developers reuse the code snippet in the open-source projects. Given a natural language description, code retrieval aims to search for the most relevant code among a set of code. Existing state-of-the-art approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Qihao Zhu , Zeyu Sun , Xiran Liang , Yingfei Xiong , Lu Zhang

One can perform equational reasoning about computational effects with a purely functional programming language thanks to monads. Even though equational reasoning for effectful programs is desirable, it is not yet mainstream. This is partly…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Reynald Affeldt , Jacques Garrigue , Takafumi Saikawa

Expressive static typing disciplines are a powerful way to achieve high-quality software. However, the adoption cost of such techniques should not be under-estimated. Just like gradual typing allows for a smooth transition from…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-08-25 Éric Tanter , Nicolas Tabareau

Large Language Models (LLMs) for unsupervised code correctness evaluation have recently gained attention because they can judge if code runs as intended without requiring reference implementations or unit tests, which may be unavailable,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Bhrij Patel , Souradip Chakraborty , Mengdi Wang , Dinesh Manocha , Amrit Singh Bedi

Scalability and efficiency are desired in neural speech codecs, which supports a wide range of bitrates for applications on various devices. We propose a collaborative quantization (CQ) scheme to jointly learn the codebook of LPC…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-14 Kai Zhen , Mi Suk Lee , Jongmo Sung , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim

A typical information extraction pipeline consists of token- or span-level classification models coupled with a series of pre- and post-processing scripts. In a production pipeline, requirements often change, with classes being added and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ramon Pires , Fábio C. de Souza , Guilherme Rosa , Roberto A. Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Spreadsheets are widely used for table manipulation and presentation. Stylistic formatting of these tables is an important property for both presentation and analysis. As a result, popular spreadsheet software, such as Excel, supports…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Mukul Singh , José Cambronero , Sumit Gulwani , Vu Le , Carina Negreanu , Mohammad Raza , Gust Verbruggen

Every programmer has a characteristic style, ranging from preferences about identifier naming to preferences about object relationships and design patterns. Coding conventions define a consistent syntactic style, fostering readability and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Miltiadis Allamanis , Earl T. Barr , Christian Bird , Charles Sutton

Online question-and-answer (Q\&A) systems based on the Large Language Model (LLM) have progressively diverged from recreational to professional use. This paper proposed a Multi-Agent framework with environmentally reinforcement learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Jiapeng Yu , Yuqian Wu , Yajing Zhan , Wenhao Guo , Zhou Xu , Raymond Lee

This paper presents insights from evaluating 16 frontier large language models (LLMs) on the WebApp1K benchmark, a test suite designed to assess the ability of LLMs to generate web application code. The results reveal that while all models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yi Cui

Large pre-trained language models have recently been expanded and applied to programming language tasks with great success, often through further pre-training of a strictly-natural language model--where training sequences typically contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Fenia Christopoulou , Guchun Zhang , Gerasimos Lampouras