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Large language models (LLMs) have shown state-of-the-art results in translating natural language questions into SQL queries (Text-to-SQL), a long-standing challenge within the database community. However, security concerns remain largely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Meiyu Lin , Haichuan Zhang , Jiale Lao , Renyuan Li , Yuanchun Zhou , Carl Yang , Yang Cao , Mingjie Tang

Growing applications of large language models (LLMs) trained by a third party raise serious concerns on the security vulnerability of LLMs.It has been demonstrated that malicious actors can covertly exploit these vulnerabilities in LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Shuli Jiang , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Yi Zhou , Ling Cai , Nathalie Baracaldo

Recent studies have widely investigated backdoor attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) by inserting harmful question-answer (QA) pairs into their training data. However, we revisit existing attacks and identify two critical limitations:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiawei Kong , Hao Fang , Xiaochen Yang , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu , Han Qiu

Recent work has proposed the concept of backdoor attacks on deep neural networks (DNNs), where misbehaviors are hidden inside "normal" models, only to be triggered by very specific inputs. In practice, however, these attacks are difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Yuanshun Yao , Huiying Li , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

Deep learning models are well known to be susceptible to backdoor attack, where the attacker only needs to provide a tampered dataset on which the triggers are injected. Models trained on the dataset will passively implant the backdoor, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zonghao Ying , Bin Wu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown unprecedented success in object detection tasks. However, it was also discovered that DNNs are vulnerable to multiple kinds of attacks, including Backdoor Attacks. Through the attack, the attacker…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Yize Cheng , Wenbin Hu , Minhao Cheng

Adversarial attacks on Natural Language Processing (NLP) models expose vulnerabilities by introducing subtle perturbations to input text, often leading to misclassification while maintaining human readability. Existing methods typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Hetvi Waghela , Jaydip Sen , Sneha Rakshit , Subhasis Dasgupta

Recent studies have shown that DNNs can be compromised by backdoor attacks crafted at training time. A backdoor attack installs a backdoor into the victim model by injecting a backdoor pattern into a small proportion of the training data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Yunfei Liu , Xingjun Ma , James Bailey , Feng Lu

Backdoor attacks are a kind of emergent training-time threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). They can manipulate the output of DNNs and possess high insidiousness. In the field of natural language processing, some attack methods have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Fanchao Qi , Yangyi Chen , Mukai Li , Yuan Yao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The increasing use of large language models (LLMs) trained by third parties raises significant security concerns. In particular, malicious actors can introduce backdoors through poisoning attacks to generate undesirable outputs. While such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Shuli Jiang , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Yi Zhou , Farhan Ahmed , Ling Cai , Nathalie Baracaldo

While there has been substantial research using adversarial attacks to analyze NLP models, each attack is implemented in its own code repository. It remains challenging to develop NLP attacks and utilize them to improve model performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 John X. Morris , Eli Lifland , Jin Yong Yoo , Jake Grigsby , Di Jin , Yanjun Qi

The growing use of social media has led to the development of several Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing(NLP) tools to process the unprecedented amount of social media content to make actionable decisions. However, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Izzat Alsmadi , Kashif Ahmad , Mahmoud Nazzal , Firoj Alam , Ala Al-Fuqaha , Abdallah Khreishah , Abdulelah Algosaibi

Backdoor attack is a powerful attack algorithm to deep learning model. Recently, GNN's vulnerability to backdoor attack has been proved especially on graph classification task. In this paper, we propose the first backdoor detection and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Bingchen Jiang , Zhao Li

\textbf{P}re-\textbf{T}rained \textbf{M}odel\textbf{s} have been widely applied and recently proved vulnerable under backdoor attacks: the released pre-trained weights can be maliciously poisoned with certain triggers. When the triggers are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Linyang Li , Demin Song , Xiaonan Li , Jiehang Zeng , Ruotian Ma , Xipeng Qiu

In response to adversarial text attacks, attack detection models have been proposed and shown to successfully identify text modified by adversaries. Attack detection models can be leveraged to provide an additional check for NLP models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Jonathan Rusert

The rise of pre-trained unified foundation models breaks down the barriers between different modalities and tasks, providing comprehensive support to users with unified architectures. However, the backdoor attack on pre-trained models poses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Zenghui Yuan , Yixin Liu , Kai Zhang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. The backdoor adversaries intend to maliciously control the predictions of attacked DNNs by injecting hidden backdoors that can be activated by adversary-specified trigger…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Tong Xu , Yiming Li , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Pre-trained language models (PTLMs) have achieved great success and remarkable performance over a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, there are also growing concerns regarding the potential security issues in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Shangwei Guo , Chunlong Xie , Jiwei Li , Lingjuan Lyu , Tianwei Zhang

Deep neural networks have played a crucial part in many critical domains, such as autonomous driving, face recognition, and medical diagnosis. However, deep neural networks are facing security threats from backdoor attacks and can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Jiyang Guan , Jian Liang , Ran He

Recent NLP literature pays little attention to the robustness of toxicity language predictors, while these systems are most likely to be used in adversarial contexts. This paper presents a novel adversarial attack, \texttt{ToxicTrap},…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Dmitriy Bespalov , Sourav Bhabesh , Yi Xiang , Liutong Zhou , Yanjun Qi