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How big is the risk that a few initial failures of nodes in a network amplify to large cascades that span a substantial share of all nodes? Predicting the final cascade size is critical to ensure the functioning of a system as a whole. Yet,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-12 Rebekka Burkholz , Hans J. Herrmann , Frank Schweitzer

In cybersecurity it is often the case that malicious or anomalous activity can only be detected by combining many weak indicators of compromise, any one of which may not raise suspicion when taken alone. The path that such indicators take…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Thomas Davies

The task of designing secure software systems is fraught with uncertainty, as data on uncommon attacks is limited, costs are difficult to estimate, and technology and tools are continually changing. Consequently, experts may interpret the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-03 Simon Miller , Susan Appleby , Jonathan M. Garibaldi , Uwe Aickelin

Nowadays, companies are highly exposed to cyber security threats. In many industrial domains, protective measures are being deployed and actively supported by standards. However the global process remains largely dependent on document…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Christophe Ponsard

Internet users such as individuals and organizations are subject to different types of epidemic risks such as worms, viruses, spams, and botnets. To reduce the probability of risk, an Internet user generally invests in traditional security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-03-09 Ranjan Pal , Leana Golubchik

Throughout economic history, the global economy has experienced recurring crises. The persistent recurrence of such economic crises calls for an understanding of their generic features rather than treating them as singular events. The…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2011-04-14 Kyu-Min Lee , Jae-Suk Yang , Gunn Kim , Jaesung Lee , Kwang-Il Goh , In-mook Kim

Identification of cyber threats is one of the essential tasks for security teams. Currently, cyber threats can be identified using knowledge organized into various formats, enumerations, and knowledge bases. This paper studies the current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Lukáš Sadlek , Pavel Čeleda , Daniel Tovarňák

Cascading failures represent a fundamental threat to the integrity of complex systems, often precipitating a comprehensive collapse across diverse infrastructures and financial networks. This research articulates a robust and pragmatic…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-06-28 Karan Singh , V. K. Chandrasekar , D. V. Senthilkumar

Complex network theory aims to model and analyze complex systems that consist of multiple and interdependent components. Among all studies on complex networks, topological structure analysis is of the most fundamental importance, as it…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2010-09-15 Bo Yang , Jiming Liu

This paper deals with the detection and prediction of losses due to cyber attacks waged on vital networks. The accumulation of losses to a network during a series of attacks is modeled by a 2-dimensional monotone random walk process as…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-23 Jewgeni H. Dshalalow , Ryan T. White

We study robust mean estimation in an online and distributed scenario in the presence of adversarial data attacks. At each time step, each agent in a network receives a potentially corrupted data point, where the data points were originally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Tong Yao , Shreyas Sundaram

This two-part paper discusses robustification methodologies for linear-iterative distributed algorithms for consensus and coordination problems in multicomponent systems, in which unreliable communication links may drop packets. We consider…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2011-09-30 Alejandro D. Dominguez-Garcia , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis , Nitin H. Vaidya

Power distribution systems (PDS) serve as the backbone of our modern society, ensuring electricity reaches homes, businesses, and critical infrastructure. However, the increasing digitization and interconnectivity of these systems have…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Mitikiri Sagar Babu , Victor Sam Moses Babu , Vedantham Lakshmi Srinivas , Pratyush Chakraborty , Mayukha Pal

The systems that statisticians are asked to assess, such as nuclear weapons, infrastructure networks, supercomputer codes and munitions, have become increasingly complex. It is often costly to conduct full system tests. As such, we present…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-09-29 Alyson G. Wilson , Todd L. Graves , Michael S. Hamada , C. Shane Reese

The prominence and use of the concept of cyber risk has been rising in recent years. This paper presents empirical investigations focused on two important and distinct groups within the broad community of cyber-defense professionals and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Alessandro Oltramari , Alexander Kott

Subjective judgements from experts provide essential information when assessing and modelling threats in respect to cyber-physical systems. For example, the vulnerability of individual system components can be described using multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Zack Ellerby , Josie McCulloch , Melanie Wilson , Christian Wagner

Complex networks are frequently employed to model physical or virtual complex systems. When certain entities exist across multiple systems simultaneously, unveiling their corresponding relationships across the networks becomes crucial. This…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-16 Rui Tang , Ziyun Yong , Shuyu Jiang , Xingshu Chen , Yaofang Liu , Yi-Cheng Zhang , Gui-Quan Sun , Wei Wang

This chapter reviews key contributions of complexity science to the study of systemic risk in financial systems. The focus is on network models of financial contagion, where I explore various mechanisms of shock propagation, such as…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-02-21 Fabio Caccioli

In recent times we hear increasingly often about cyber attacks on various commercial and strategic sites that manage to escape any defense. In this article, we model such attacks on networks via stochastic processes and predict the time of…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-23 Jewgeni H. Dshalalow , Ryan T. White

The measurement and mapping of transportation network vulnerability to natural hazards constitute subjects of global interest, especially due to climate change, and for a sustainable development agenda. During a flood, some elements of a…

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