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We study randomly growing trees governed by the affine preferential attachment rule. Starting with a seed tree $S$, vertices are attached one by one, each linked by an edge to a random vertex of the current tree, chosen with a probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-11-01 David Corlin Marchand , Ioan Manolescu

We study preferential attachment (PA) trees with general attachment functions. PA suggests an intuitive monotonicity: if high-degree vertices are rewarded more strongly, then the resulting tree should become shallower. We examine this…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Christian Mönch

Consider the following generalization of the classic binary search problem: a searcher is required to find a hidden vertex $x$ in a tree $T$. To do so, they iteratively perform queries to an oracle, each about a chosen vertex $v$. After…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Michał Szyfelbein

The maximum common subtree isomorphism problem asks for the largest possible isomorphism between subtrees of two given input trees. This problem is a natural restriction of the maximum common subgraph problem, which is ${\sf NP}$-hard in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Andre Droschinsky , Nils M. Kriege , Petra Mutzel

Self-organization of robust and efficient networks is important for a future design of communication or transportation systems, because both characteristics are not coexisting in many real networks. As one of the candidates for the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-06-15 Fuxuan Liao , Yukio Hayashi

Bandit based methods for tree search have recently gained popularity when applied to huge trees, e.g. in the game of go [6]. Their efficient exploration of the tree enables to re- turn rapidly a good value, and improve preci- sion if more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Pierre-Arnuad Coquelin , Remi Munos

We revisit the \textsc{$k$-Secluded Tree} problem. Given a vertex-weighted undirected graph $G$, its objective is to find a maximum-weight induced subtree $T$ whose open neighborhood has size at most $k$. We present a fixed-parameter…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Huib Donkers , Bart M. P. Jansen , Jari J. H. de Kroon

Inference-time alignment enhances the performance of large language models without requiring additional training or fine-tuning but presents challenges due to balancing computational efficiency with high-quality output. Best-of-N (BoN)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Jiahao Qiu , Yifu Lu , Yifan Zeng , Jiacheng Guo , Jiayi Geng , Chenhao Zhu , Xinzhe Juan , Ling Yang , Huazheng Wang , Kaixuan Huang , Yue Wu , Mengdi Wang

We show that the growth of a unimodular random rooted tree $(T,o)$ of degree bounded by $d$ always exists, assuming its upper growth passes the critical threshold $\sqrt{d-1}$. This complements Timar's work who showed the possible…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-11 Miklós Abert , Mikołaj Frączyk , Ben Hayes

A sequence of trees $(\mathcal{T}_{n})_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ contains a \emph{persistent hub}, or displays \emph{degree centrality}, if there is a fixed node of maximal degree for all sufficiently large $n \in \mathbb{N}$. We derive…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-01 Tejas Iyer

We prove almost sure convergence of the maximum degree in an evolving tree model combining local choice and preferential attachment. At each step in the growth of the graph, a new vertex is introduced. A fixed, finite number of possible…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-03-19 Yury Malyshkin , Elliot Paquette

The depth-weighted tree DWT($f$) with weight function $f:\{0,1,2,\ldots\}\to (0,\infty)$ is a dynamic random tree grown from a root $r$ where vertices arrive consecutively and every new vertex attaches to a parent $u$ with probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Lyuben Lichev , Amitai Linker , Bas Lodewijks , Dieter Mitsche

We study the problem of collective tree exploration in which a team of $k$ mobile agents must collectively visit all nodes of an unknown tree in as few moves as possible. The agents all start from the root and discover adjacent edges as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Romain Cosson , Laurent Massoulié

We introduce and study the problem of consistent low-rank approximation, in which rows of an input matrix $\mathbf{A}\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$ arrive sequentially and the goal is to provide a sequence of subspaces that well-approximate the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-03 David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

The threshold-$k$ metric dimension ($\mathrm{Tmd}_k$) of a graph is the minimum number of sensors -- a subset of the vertex set -- needed to uniquely identify any vertex in the graph, solely based on its distances from the sensors, when the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-18 Zsolt Bartha , Júlia Komjáthy , Järvi Raes

We study an asymptotical behavior of the maximal degree in the degree distribution in an evolving tree model combining the local choice and the Mori's preferential attachment. In the considered model, the random graph is constructed in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-27 Yury Malyshkin

'Tree-based' phylogenetic networks proposed by Francis and Steel have attracted much attention of theoretical biologists in the last few years. At the heart of the definitions of tree-based phylogenetic networks is the notion of 'support…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-30 Momoko Hayamizu , Kazuhisa Makino

Binary search trees (BSTs) with rotations can adapt to various kinds of structure in search sequences, achieving amortized access times substantially better than the Theta(log n) worst-case guarantee. Classical examples of structural…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-17 Parinya Chalermsook , Mayank Goswami , László Kozma , Kurt Mehlhorn , Thatchaphol Saranurak

We demonstrate a method for proving precise concentration inequalities in uniformly random trees on $n$ vertices, where $n\geq1$ is a fixed positive integer. The method uses a bijection between mappings…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Steven Heilman

Given an $n \times n$ nonsingular matrix A and the characteristic polynomial of A as the starting point, we will leverage the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem to efficiently calculate the maximal length Jordan Chains for each distinct eigenvalue of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-03-02 Lloyd Nesbitt