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Tensor network algorithms have proven to be very powerful tools for studying one- and two-dimensional quantum many-body systems. However, their application to three-dimensional (3D) quantum systems has so far been limited, mostly because…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-05-26 Patrick C. G. Vlaar , Philippe Corboz

Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) offer memory-efficient representations of some quantum many-body states that obey an entanglement area law, and are the basis for classical simulations of ground states in two-dimensional (2d)…

Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) are a class of quantum many-body states that generalize Matrix Product States for one-dimensional systems to higher dimensions. In recent years, PEPS have advanced understanding of strongly correlated…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-01-13 Siddhartha Patra , Sukhbinder Singh , Román Orús

The approximate contraction of a Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) tensor network is a fundamental ingredient of any PEPS algorithm, required for the optimization of the tensors in ground state search or time evolution, as well as for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-08 Michael Lubasch , J. Ignacio Cirac , Mari-Carmen Bañuls

We show how quantum-inspired 2d tensor networks can be used to efficiently and accurately simulate the largest quantum processors from IBM, namely Eagle (127 qubits), Osprey (433 qubits) and Condor (1121 qubits). We simulate the dynamics of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Siddhartha Patra , Saeed S. Jahromi , Sukhbinder Singh , Roman Orus

Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) are a promising ansatz for the study of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems in two dimensions. But due to their high computational cost, developing and improving PEPS algorithms is necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-05 Michael Lubasch , J. Ignacio Cirac , Mari-Carmen Bañuls

We determine the computational power of preparing Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS), as well as the complexity of classically simulating them, and generally the complexity of contracting tensor networks. While creating PEPS allows to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Norbert Schuch , Michael M. Wolf , Frank Verstraete , J. Ignacio Cirac

Tensor network states are an indispensable tool for the simulation of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems. In recent years, tree tensor network states (TTNS) have been successfully used for two-dimensional systems and to benchmark…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Thomas Barthel

Recent work has shown that for one-dimensional quantum states that can be effectively approximated by matrix product operators (MPOs), a polynomial number of copies of the state suffices for reconstruction. Compared to MPOs in one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Zhen Qin , Zhihui Zhu

Simulating of exotic phases of matter that are not amenable to classical techniques is one of the most important potential applications of quantum information processing. We present an efficient algorithm for preparing a large class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-30 Martin Schwarz , Toby S. Cubitt , Kristan Temme , Frank Verstraete , David Perez-Garcia

An accurate calculation of the properties of quantum many-body systems is one of the most important yet intricate challenges of modern physics and computer science. In recent years, the tensor network ansatz has established itself as one of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Jonas Haferkamp , Dominik Hangleiter , Jens Eisert , Marek Gluza

Tensor networks capture large classes of ground states of phases of quantum matter faithfully and efficiently. Their manipulation and contraction has remained a challenge over the years, however. For most of the history, ground state…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-09-11 Jan Naumann , Erik Lennart Weerda , Matteo Rizzi , Jens Eisert , Philipp Schmoll

Strongly correlated layered 2D systems are of central importance in condensed matter physics, but their numerical study is very challenging. Motivated by the enormous successes of tensor networks for 1D and 2D systems, we develop an…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-04-05 Patrick C. G. Vlaar , Philippe Corboz

The projected entangled pair states (PEPS) methods have been proved to be powerful tools to solve the strongly correlated quantum many-body problems in two-dimension. However, due to the high computational scaling with the virtual bond…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-31 Wen-Yuan Liu , Shao-Jun Dong , Yong-Jian Han , Guang-Can Guo , Lixin He

Tensor networks, a model that originated from quantum physics, has been gradually generalized as efficient models in machine learning in recent years. However, in order to achieve exact contraction, only tree-like tensor networks such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Song Cheng , Lei Wang , Pan Zhang

Projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) have become a powerful tool for studying quantum many-body systems in the condensed matter and quantum materials context, particularly with advances in variational energy optimization methods. A key…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-06-10 Jan Naumann , Erik Lennart Weerda , Jens Eisert , Matteo Rizzi , Philipp Schmoll

Infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS) provide a powerful tool for studying strongly correlated systems directly in the thermodynamic limit. A core component of the algorithm is the approximate contraction of the iPEPS, where the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-12 Yining Zhang , Qi Yang , Philippe Corboz

Tensor networks establish an adaptable framework for the emulation of quantum circuits. By partitioning exponentially large registers and gates into smaller tensors, this unlocks fast transformations through tensor algebra, and grants fine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jakub Adamski , Oliver Thomson Brown

Two dimensional tensor networks such as projected entangled pairs states (PEPS) are generally hard to contract. This is arguably the main reason why variational tensor network methods in 2D are still not as successful as in 1D. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-07 Anurag Anshu , Itai Arad , Aditya Jain

We present a quantum algorithm to prepare injective PEPS on a quantum computer, a class of open tensor networks representing quantum states. The run-time of our algorithm scales polynomially with the inverse of the minimum condition number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Martin Schwarz , Kristan Temme , Frank Verstraete
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