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Autonomous systems (AS) are systems that have the capability to take decisions free from direct human control. AS are increasingly being considered for adoption for applications where their behaviour may cause harm, such as when used for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Richard Hawkins , Matt Osborne , Mike Parsons , Mark Nicholson , John McDermid , Ibrahim Habli

Evolving cybersecurity threats in complex cyber-physical systems pose significant risks to system functionality and safety. This experience report introduces ACTISM (Automotive Consequence-Driven and Threat-Informed Security Modelling), an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Shaofei Huang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Lwin Khin Shar

Technology advances give us the hope of driving without human error, reducing vehicle emissions and simplifying an everyday task with the future of self-driving cars. Making sure these vehicles are safe is very important to the continuation…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Megan Strauss , Stefan Mitsch

As Automated Driving Systems (ADS) technology advances, ensuring safety and public trust requires robust assurance frameworks, with safety cases emerging as a critical tool toward such a goal. This paper explores an approach to assess how a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Scott Schnelle , Francesca Favaro , Laura Fraade-Blanar , David Wichner , Holland Broce , Justin Miranda

Zero Trust is the new cybersecurity model that challenges the traditional one by promoting continuous verification of users, devices, and applications, whatever their position or origin. This model is critical for reducing the attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Malak Annabi , Abdelhafid Zeroual , Nadhir Messai

Autonomous systems are often deployed in complex sociotechnical environments, such as public roads, where they must behave safely and securely. Unlike many traditionally engineered systems, autonomous systems are expected to behave…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Georgios Bakirtzis , Steven Carr , David Danks , Ufuk Topcu

Context: Demonstrating high reliability and safety for safety-critical systems (SCSs) remains a hard problem. Diverse evidence needs to be combined in a rigorous way: in particular, results of operational testing with other evidence from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Xingyu Zhao , Kizito Salako , Lorenzo Strigini , Valentin Robu , David Flynn

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are critical infrastructure that are not immune to both physical and cyber threats. Vehicles are cyber/physical systems which are a core component of ITS, can be either a target or a launching point…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-09 Kaveh Bakhsh Kelarestaghi , Mahsa Foruhandeh , Kevin Heaslip , Ryan Gerdes

The safety of automated driving systems must be justified by convincing arguments and supported by compelling evidence to persuade certification agencies, regulatory entities, and the general public to allow the systems on public roads.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Jonas Krook , Yuvaraj Selvaraj , Wolfgang Ahrendt , Martin Fabian

Deep Neural Network-based systems are now the state-of-the-art in many robotics tasks, but their application in safety-critical domains remains dangerous without formal guarantees on network robustness. Small perturbations to sensor inputs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Michael Everett , Bjorn Lutjens , Jonathan P. How

Autonomous vehicles are slowly becoming reality thanks to the efforts of many academic and industrial organizations. Due to the complexity of the software powering these systems and the dynamicity of the development processes, an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Federico Giaimo , Christian Berger , Crispin Kirchner

To build a smarter and safer city, a secure, efficient, and sustainable transportation system is a key requirement. The autonomous driving system (ADS) plays an important role in the development of smart transportation and is considered one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Abu Shad Ahammed , Md Shahi Amran Hossain , Roman Obermaisser

Cyber resilience is the ability of a system to resist and recover from a cyber attack, thereby restoring the system's functionality. Effective design and development of a cyber resilient system requires experimental methods and tools for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Michael J. Weisman , Alexander Kott , Jason E. Ellis , Brian J. Murphy , Travis W. Parker , Sidney Smith , Joachim Vandekerckhove

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are poised to revolutionize modern transportation, offering enhanced safety, efficiency, and convenience. However, the increasing complexity and connectivity of AV systems introduce significant cybersecurity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-23 Amal Yousseef , Shalaka Satam , Banafsheh Saber Latibari , Jesus Pacheco , Soheil Salehi , Salim Hariri , Partik Satam

Ensuring a car's internal systems are free from security vulnerabilities is of utmost importance, especially due to the relationship between security and other properties, such as safety and reliability. We provide the starting point for a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Eduardo dos Santos , Andrew Simpson , Dominik Schoop

Given the complexity of real-world, unstructured domains, it is often impossible or impractical to design models that include every feature needed to handle all possible scenarios that an autonomous system may encounter. For an autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Connor Basich , Justin Svegliato , Kyle Hollins Wray , Stefan J. Witwicki , Shlomo Zilberstein

The way we travel is changing rapidly, and Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITSs) are at the forefront of this evolution. However, the adoption of C-ITSs introduces new risks and challenges, making cybersecurity a top…

The increase in popularity of connected features in intelligent transportation systems, has led to a greater risk of cyber-attacks and subsequently, requires a more robust validation of cybersecurity in vehicle design. This article explores…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Phillip Garrad , Shane Gilroy

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) constitute the backbone of critical infrastructures such as power grids or water distribution networks. Operating failures in these systems can cause serious risks for society. To avoid or minimize downtime,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Nils Müller , Kaibin Bao , Jörg Matthes , Kai Heussen

Automobile has become the dominant transport mode in the world in the last century. In order to meet a continuously growing demand for transport, one solution is to change the control approach for vehicle to full driving automation, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Michel Parent , Arnaud De La Fortelle