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We investigate the computational complexity of tensor rank, a concept that plays fundamental role in different topics of modern applied mathematics. For tensors over any integral domain, we prove that the rank problem is polynomial time…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Yaroslav Shitov

The tensor rank decomposition problem consists of recovering the unique set of parameters representing a robustly identifiable low-rank tensor when the coordinate representation of the tensor is presented as input. A condition number for…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-09-02 Nick Vannieuwenhoven

Tensor completion can estimate missing values of a high-order data from its partially observed entries. Recent works show that low rank tensor ring approximation is one of the most powerful tools to solve tensor completion problem. However,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-03 Abdul Ahad , Zhen Long , Ce Zhu , Yipeng Liu

This chapter studies the problem of decomposing a tensor into a sum of constituent rank one tensors. While tensor decompositions are very useful in designing learning algorithms and data analysis, they are NP-hard in the worst-case. We will…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Aravindan Vijayaraghavan

Asymptotic tensor rank is notoriously difficult to determine. Indeed, determining its value for the $2\times 2$ matrix multiplication tensor would determine the matrix multiplication exponent, a long-standing open problem. On the other…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Matthias Christandl , Koen Hoeberechts , Harold Nieuwboer , Péter Vrana , Jeroen Zuiddam

Tensors are often studied by introducing preorders such as restriction and degeneration: the former describes transformations of the tensors by local linear maps on its tensor factors; the latter describes transformations where the local…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Matthias Christandl , Fulvio Gesmundo , Vladimir Lysikov , Vincent Steffan

We give an upper bound for the rank of the border rank 3 partially symmetric tensors. In the special case of border rank 3 tensors $T\in V_1\otimes \cdots \otimes V_k$ (Segre case) we can show that all ranks among 3 and $k-1$ arise and if…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-01-18 Edoardo Ballico , Alessandra Bernardi

We study the decomposability and the subdifferential of the tensor nuclear norm. Both concepts are well understood and widely applied in matrices but remain unclear for higher-order tensors. We show that the tensor nuclear norm admits a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Jiewen Guan , Bo Jiang , Zhening Li

We study the relationship between the commutative and the non-commutative rank of a linear matrix. We give examples that show that the ratio of the two ranks comes arbitrarily close to 2. Such examples can be used for giving lower bounds…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-06-22 Harm Derksen , Visu Makam

We show that the border support rank of the tensor corresponding to two-by-two matrix multiplication is seven over the complex numbers. We do this by constructing two polynomials that vanish on all complex tensors with format…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Markus Bläser , Matthias Christandl , Jeroen Zuiddam

The problem of partitioning a large and sparse tensor is considered, where the tensor consists of a sequence of adjacency matrices. Theory is developed that is a generalization of spectral graph partitioning. A best rank-$(2,2,\lambda)$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-17 Lars Eldén , Maryam Dehghan

We determine the border subrank of higher order structure tensors of several families of algebras, and in particular obtain the following results. (1) We determine tight bounds on the border subrank of $k$-fold matrix multiplication and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Chia-Yu Chang , Fulvio Gesmundo , Jeroen Zuiddam

In this paper, we introduce a new tensor decomposition for third order tensors, which decomposes a third order tensor to three third order low rank tensors in a balanced way. We call such a decomposition the triple decomposition, and the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Liqun Qi , Yannan Chen , Mayank Bakshi , Xinzhen Zhang

The tensor rank decomposition is a useful tool for the geometric interpretation of the tensors in the canonical tensor model (CTM) of quantum gravity. In order to understand the stability of this interpretation, it is important to be able…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-22 Dennis Obster , Naoki Sasakura

We establish basic information about border rank algorithms for the matrix multiplication tensor and other tensors with symmetry. We prove that border rank algorithms for tensors with symmetry (such as matrix multiplication and the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-02-01 J. M. Landsberg , Mateusz Michałek

Matrices can be decomposed via rank-one approximations: the best rank-one approximation is a singular vector pair, and the singular value decomposition writes a matrix as a sum of singular vector pairs. The singular vector tuples of a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Alvaro Ribot , Emil Horobet , Anna Seigal , Ettore Teixeira Turatti

In this paper, we present a partial survey of the tools borrowed from tensor algebra, which have been utilized recently in Statistics and Signal Processing. It is shown why the decompositions well known in linear algebra can hardly be…

Applications · Statistics 2009-05-05 Pierre Comon

There are many notions of rank in multilinear algebra: tensor rank, partition rank, slice rank, and strength (or Schmidt rank) are a few examples. Typically the rank $\le r$ locus is not Zariski closed, and understanding the closure (the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-02-21 Arthur Bik , Jan Draisma , Rob Eggermont , Andrew Snowden

Motivated by connections between algebraic complexity lower bounds and tensor decompositions, we investigate Koszul-Young flattenings, which are the main ingredient in recent lower bounds for matrix multiplication. Based on this tool we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Pravesh K. Kothari , Ankur Moitra , Alexander S. Wein

One of the key problems in tensor completion is the number of uniformly random sample entries required for recovery guarantee. The main aim of this paper is to study $n_1 \times n_2 \times n_3$ third-order tensor completion based on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-25 Guang-Jing Song , Michael K. Ng , Xiongjun Zhang