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Observations imply that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are produced by the dissipation of the kinetic energy of a highly relativistic fireball. Photo-meson interactions of protons with gamma-rays within the fireball dissipation region are expected…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 D. Guetta , M. Spada , E. Waxman

For the understanding of the origin and propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) we developed a new approach to simulating UHECRs from an arbitrary number of sources based on Monte Carlo technique. The method consists of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-02-15 Klaus Dolag , Martin Erdmann , Gero Müller , David Walz , Tobias Winchen

The observational data on ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECR), in particular their mass composition, show strong indications for extremely hard spectra of individual mass groups of CR nuclei at Earth. In this work, we show that such hard…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-01 Björn Eichmann , Michael Kachelrieß

The origin and composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remain a mystery. The proton dip model describes their spectral shape in the energy range above $10^9$ GeV by pair production and photohadronic interactions with the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-20 Jonas Heinze , Denise Boncioli , Mauricio Bustamante , Walter Winter

We derive observational consequences of the hypothesis that cosmic rays (CR's) of energy $>10^{19}eV$ originate in the same cosmological objects producing gamma-ray bursts (GRB's). Inter-galactic magnetic fields $\gtrsim 10^{-12} G$ are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Jordi Miralda-Escude , Eli Waxman

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has recently found compelling evidence for a particular blazar producing high-energy neutrinos and $\mathrm{PeV}$ cosmic rays, however the sources of cosmic rays above several $\mathrm{EeV}$ remain…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-27 Lisa Schumacher

Arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) observed above $4\times10^{19}\,$eV provide evidence of localized excesses that are key to identifying their sources. We leverage the 3D matter distribution from optical and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-24 Sullivan Marafico , Jonathan Biteau , Antonio Condorelli , Olivier Deligny , Johan Bregeon

The origin of the ultrahigh-energy (UHE) cosmic rays (CRs) from the second knee ($\sim6\times10^{17}$eV) above in the CR spectrum is still unknown. Recently, there has been growing evidence that a peculiar type of supernovae, called…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Xiang-Yu Wang , Soebur Razzaque , Peter Meszaros , Zi-Gao Dai

(abridged) Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are extremely energetic charged particles with energies surpassing $10^{18}$ eV. Their sources remain elusive, obscured by deflections caused by the Galactic magnetic field (GMF). This…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-02 Alexandros Tsouros , Abhijit B. Bendre , Gordian Edenhofer , Torsten Enßlin , Philipp Frank , Michalis Mastorakis , Vasiliki Pavlidou

We propose a new way to detect individual bright Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) sources above background if the Galactic Magnetic Field (GMF) gives the main contribution to UHECR deflections. This method can be directly applied to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-07-13 G. Giacinti , D. V. Semikoz

Energetics of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) generated in the universe is crucial for pinning down their candidate sources. Using the recent Auger data on UHECR spectra, we calculate the UHECR energy generation rate density for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-25 Yu Jiang , B. Theodore Zhang , Kohta Murase

We review open questions and prospects for progress in ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) research, based on a series of discussions that took place during the `The High-Energy Universe: Gamma-Ray, Neutrino, and Cosmic-ray Astronomy' MIAPP…

The identification of potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remains challenging due to magnetic deflections and propagation losses, which are particularly strong for nuclei. In previous iterations of this work, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-19 Keito Watanabe , Anatoli Fedynitch , Francesca Capel , Hiroyuki Sagawa

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have been tried to be related to the most varied and powerful sources known in the universe. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are natural candidates. Here, we argue that cosmic rays can be accelerated by large…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-04-07 O. Esquivel , D. Page

The origin of cosmic rays is still one of the unresolved questions in modern physics. Violent and high energetic explosions of {\gamma}-ray emission known as Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are perhaps one of the main candidates of sources of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Juan A. Aguilar

Significant progress has been made over the past decades towards unveiling the sources of the most energetic particles in nature, the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Despite these advancements, the exact astrophysical sites capable…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-03 Rafael Alves Batista

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most powerful events observed in our universe and have long been considered as possible sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, which makes them promising neutrino source candidates. Previous IceCube…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-12 Kunal Deoskar , Paul Coppin , Elizabeth Friedman

Air shower experiments have detected cosmic ray events of energies upto 300 EeV. Most likely these cosmic rays have originated from compact objects. Their exact sources are yet to be identified. It has been suggested before that gamma ray…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-05 Nayantara Gupta

Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are the most energetic particles known - and yet their origin is still an open question. However, with the precision and accumulated statistics of the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-10 Teresa Bister

The origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is one of the most intriguing problems of modern cosmic ray physics. We briefly review the main astrophysical models of their origin and the forthcoming orbital experiments TUS and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 N. N. Kalmykov , B. A. Khrenov , G. V. Kulikov , M. Yu. Zotov