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The widespread adoption of photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicles (EVs), and stationary energy storage systems (ESS) in households increases system complexity while simultaneously offering new opportunities for energy regulation. However,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-05 Meng Yuan , Ye Wang , Xinghuo Yu , Torsten Wik , Changfu Zou

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system is an important part of a building, which constitutes up to 40% of building energy usage. The main purpose of HVAC, maintaining appropriate thermal comfort, is crucial for the best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Nan Gao , Wei Shao , Mohammad Saiedur Rahaman , Jun Zhai , Klaus David , Flora D. Salim

In this paper, we explore using deep reinforcement learning for problems with multiple agents. Most existing methods for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning consider only a small number of agents. When the number of agents increases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Arbaaz Khan , Clark Zhang , Daniel D. Lee , Vijay Kumar , Alejandro Ribeiro

High penetration of distributed energy resources in distribution systems, such as rooftop solar PVs, has caused voltage fluctuations which are much faster than typical voltage control devices can react to, leading to increased operation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Patrick Salter , Celina Wilkerson , Qiuhua Huang , Paulo Cesar Tabares-Velasco , Dongbo Zhao , Dmitry Ishchenko

The exponential growth of digital services has positioned data centers among the most energy-intensive infrastructures in the modern economy, raising critical concerns regarding operational costs, carbon emissions, and the sustainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Abderaouf Bahi , Amel Ourici , Hasan Dincer , Serhat Yuksel , Akila Djebbar

With the continuous increase in the penetration of renewable energy in the emerging power systems, the pressure on system peak regulation has been significantly intensified. Against this backdrop, demand side resources particularly air…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 Jinhua He , Tingzhe Pan , Chao Li , Xin Jin , Zijie Meng , Wei Zhou

Demand response has been implemented by distribution system operators to reduce peak demand and mitigate contingency issues on distribution lines and substations. Specifically, the campus based commercial buildings make the major…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-21 Zheming Liang , Desong Bian , Xiaohu Zhang , Di Shi , Ruisheng Diao , Zhiwei Wang

This paper demonstrates that continual relearning of control policies using incremental deep reinforcement learning (RL) can improve policy learning for non-stationary processes. We demonstrate this approach for a data-driven 'smart…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Avisek Naug , Marcos Quiñones-Grueiro , Gautam Biswas

This work presents a fully data-driven, black-box pipeline to obtain an optimal control policy for a multi-loop building control problem based on historical building and weather data, thus without the need for complex physics-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 B. Svetozarevic , C. Baumann , S. Muntwiler , L. Di Natale , M. Zeilinger , P. Heer

Commercial refrigeration systems consume 7% of the total commercial energy consumption in the United States. Improving their energy efficiency contributes to the sustainability of global energy systems and the supermarket business sector.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Insoon Yang

In this paper, we study a problem of controlling cooling facilities and computational equipments for energy-efficient operations of data centers. Although a plethora of approaches have been proposed in previous literatures, there is a lack…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-19 Masaki Ogura , Jianxiong Wan , Shoji Kasahara

We consider the sequential decision-making problem of making proactive request assignment and rejection decisions for a profit-maximizing operator of an autonomous mobility on demand system. We formalize this problem as a Markov decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Tobias Enders , James Harrison , Marco Pavone , Maximilian Schiffer

Action and observation delays exist prevalently in the real-world cyber-physical systems which may pose challenges in reinforcement learning design. It is particularly an arduous task when handling multi-agent systems where the delay of one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Baiming Chen , Mengdi Xu , Zuxin Liu , Liang Li , Ding Zhao

We present a stochastic model predictive control (MPC) framework for central heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) plants. The framework uses real data to forecast and quantify uncertainty of disturbances affecting the system…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Ranjeet Kumar , Michael J. Wenzel , Mohammad N. ElBsat , Michael J. Risbeck , Kirk H. Drees , Victor M. Zavala

Advanced control strategies like Model Predictive Control (MPC) offer significant energy savings for HVAC systems but often require substantial engineering effort, limiting scalability. Reinforcement Learning (RL) promises greater…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Ozan Baris Mulayim , Elias N. Pergantis , Levi D. Reyes Premer , Bingqing Chen , Guannan Qu , Kevin J. Kircher , Mario Bergés

This paper describes a step-by-step procedure that converts a physical model of a building into a Markov Process that characterizes energy consumption of this and other similar buildings. Relative to existing thermo-physics-based building…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Roman Pop , Ali Hassan , Kenneth Bruninx , Michael Chertkov , Yury Dvorkin

Current decarbonization efforts are falling short of meeting the net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission target, highlighting the need for substantial carbon dioxide removal methods such as direct air capture (DAC). However, integrating DACs…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Zhiyuan Fan , Elizabeth Dentzer , James Glynn , David S. Goldberg , Julio Friedmann , Bolun Xu

A thorough regulation of building energy systems translates in relevant energy savings and in a better comfort for the occupants. Algorithms to predict the thermal state of a building on a certain time horizon with a good confidence are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Alfredo V Clemente , Alessandro Nocente , Massimiliano Ruocco

Air conditioning systems are responsible for the major percentage of energy consumption in buildings. Shared spaces constitute considerable office space area, in which most office employees perform their meetings and daily tasks, and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-10-26 Wayes Tushar , Wang Tao , Lan Lan , Yunjian Xu , Chathura Withanage , Chau Yuen , Kristin L. Wood

Wireless networks used for Internet of Things (IoT) are expected to largely involve cloud-based computing and processing. Softwarised and centralised signal processing and network switching in the cloud enables flexible network control and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Beiran Chen , Yi Zhang , George Iosifidis , Mingming Liu