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The study of the transitions among different regimes in thermal convection has been an issue of paramount importance in fluid mechanics. While the bifurcations at low Rayleigh number, when the flow is laminar or moderately chaotic, have…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-29 Vincent Labarre , Stéphan Fauve , Sergio Chibbaro

The heat transfer and flow structure in rotating Rayleigh-B\'enard convection are strongly influenced by the Rayleigh ($Ra$), Prandtl ($Pr$), and Rossby ($Ro$) number. For $Pr\gtrsim 1$ and intermediate rotation rates, the heat transfer is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-05-14 Yantao Yang , Roberto Verzicco , Detlef Lohse , Richard J. A. M. Stevens

We study the stability of steady convection rolls in 2D Rayleigh--B\'enard convection with free-slip boundaries and horizontal periodicity over twelve orders of magnitude in the Prandtl number $(10^{-6} \leq Pr \leq 10^6)$ and five orders…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-07-14 Philip Winchester , Peter D. Howell , Vassilios Dallas

A coupled map lattice for convection is proposed, which consists of Eulerian and Lagrangian procedures. Simulations of the model not only reproduce a wide-range of phenomena in Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection experiments but also lead to…

chao-dyn · Physics 2015-06-24 Tatsuo Yanagita , Kunihiko Kaneko

We simulate thermal convection in a two-dimensional square box using the no-slip condition on all boundaries, and isothermal bottom and top walls and adiabatic sidewalls. We choose 0.1 and 1 for the Prandtl number $Pr$ and vary the Rayleigh…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-23 Ambrish Pandey , Katepalli R. Sreenivasan

Turbulent convection in the interiors of the Sun and the Earth occurs at high Rayleigh numbers $Ra$, low Prandtl numbers $Pr$, and different levels of rotation rates. To understand the combined effects better, we study rotating turbulent…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-11-20 Ambrish Pandey , Katepalli R. Sreenivasan

We present high-resolution numerical investigations of heat transport by two-dimensional (2D) turbulent Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard (RB) convection over the Rayleigh number range $10^8 \leqslant Ra\leqslant 10^{10}$ and the Prandtl number range…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-17 Yong-Xiang Huang , Quan Zhou

Penetrative turbulent Rayleigh-B\'enard convection which depends on the density maximum of water near $4^\circ\rm{C}$ is studied using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) direct numerical simulations (DNS). The working fluid is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-06-26 Qi Wang , Quan Zhou , Zhen-Hua Wan , De-Jun Sun

We report an experimental investigation of turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection in a rectangular cell of large aspect ratio ($\Gamma = 10$) over the Rayleigh number range $5.4\times10^7 \le Ra \le 7.2\times10^9$ and Prandtl number range…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-02-23 Yi-Zhen Li , Jun-Jie Huo , Xin Chen , Heng-Dong Xi

Turbulent thermal convection governs heat transport in systems ranging from stellar interiors to industrial heat exchangers. Two-dimensional Rayleigh-B\'enard convection serves as a paradigm for these flows, reproducing key features such as…

We report experimental measurements of heat transport in rotating Rayleigh-B{\'e}nard convection in a cylindrical convection cell with aspect ratio $\Gamma = 1/2$. The fluid was helium gas with Prandtl number Pr = 0.7. The range of control…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-17 Robert E. Ecke , Joseph J. Niemela

In turbulent Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard (RB) convection, a transition to the so-called ultimate regime, in which the boundary layers (BL) are of turbulent type, has been postulated. Indeed, at very large Rayleigh number $Ra \approx…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-08-15 Dominik Krug , Xiaojue Zhu , Daniel Chung , Ivan Marusic , Roberto Verzicco , Detlef Lohse

In this paper we present a detailed description of the statistical and computational techniques that were employed to study a driven far-from-equilibrium steady-state Rayleigh-B{\'e}nard system in the non-turbulent regime ($Ra\leq 3500$).…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-12-19 Yash Yadati , Nicholas Mears , Atanu Chatterjee

We present a systematic investigation of the effects of roughness geometry on turbulent Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RBC) over rough plates with pyramid-shaped and periodically distributed roughness elements. Using a parameter $\lambda$…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-07-26 Yi-Chao Xie , Ke-Qing Xia

The representation of buoyancy-driven turbulence in Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) models remains unresolved, with no widely accepted standard formulation. A key difficulty is the lack of analytical guidance for incorporating…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-29 Da-Sol Joo

We perform a numerical study of the heat transfer and flow structure of Rayleigh-B\'enard (RB) convection in (in most cases regular) porous media, which are comprised of circular, solid obstacles located on a square lattice. This study is…

Rayleigh--B\'enard convection, which is the buoyancy-induced motion of a fluid enclosed between two horizontal plates, is an idealised setup to study thermal convection. We analyse the modes that transport the most heat between the plates…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-10-26 Johannes Lülff

We study turbulent Rayleigh-B\'enard convection through direct numerical simulations in a three-dimensional plane layer of aspect ratio 4 for Rayleigh numbers $10^5 \leq Ra \leq 10^{11}$ and Prandtl number $Pr=0.7$. We summarize the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-30 Roshan J. Samuel , Jörg Schumacher

An equation for the evolution of mean kinetic energy, $ E $, in a 2-D or 3-D Rayleigh-B\'enard system with domain height $ L $ is derived. Assuming classical Nusselt number scaling, $ Nu \sim Ra^{1/3} $, and that mean enstrophy, in the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-05 Erik Lindborg

This work studies two-dimensional fixed-flux Rayleigh-B\'enard convection with periodic boundary conditions in both horizontal and vertical directions and analyzes its dynamics using numerical continuation, secondary instability analysis…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-12-12 Chang Liu , Manjul Sharma , Keith Julien , Edgar Knobloch