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We propose a simple scheme to reduce readout errors in experiments on quantum systems with finite number of measurement outcomes. Our method relies on performing classical post-processing which is preceded by Quantum Detector Tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Filip B. Maciejewski , Zoltán Zimborás , Michał Oszmaniec

When noisy intermediate scalable quantum (NISQ) devices are applied in information processing, all of the stages through preparation, manipulation, and measurement of multipartite qubit states contain various types of noise that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Hyeokjea Kwon , Joonwoo Bae

We develop a classical bit-flip correction method to mitigate measurement errors on quantum computers. This method can be applied to any operator, any number of qubits, and any realistic bit-flip probability. We first demonstrate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Lena Funcke , Tobias Hartung , Karl Jansen , Stefan Kühn , Paolo Stornati , Xiaoyang Wang

In practical realizations of quantum information processing, there may exist noise in a measurement readout stage where errors appear not only on individual qubits but also on multiple ones collectively, the latter of which is called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Seungchan Seo , Jiheon Seong , Joonwoo Bae

The realization of fault-tolerant quantum computers remains a challenging endeavor, forcing state-of-the-art quantum hardware to rely heavily on noise mitigation techniques. Standard quantum error mitigation is typically based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Juan F. Martin , Giuseppe Cocco , Javier Fonollosa

We present a modular error mitigation protocol for running $\mathsf{BQP}$ computations on a quantum computer with time-dependent noise. Utilising existing tools from quantum verification and measurement-based quantum computation, our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Joseph Harris , Elham Kashefi

Error mitigation has enabled quantum computing applications with over one hundred qubits and deep circuits. The most general error mitigation methods rely on a faithful characterization of the noise channels of the hardware. However,…

In Phys. Rev. A 108, L060402 (2023), we introduced a Bayesian measurement error mitigation algorithm, which leveraged complete information from the readout signal, and validated the protocol on a quantum device with five superconducting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 F. Cosco , F. Plastina , N. Lo Gullo

To get the best possible results from current quantum devices error mitigation is essential. In this work we present a simple but effective error mitigation technique based on the assumption that noise in a deep quantum circuit is well…

We present a method for mitigating measurement errors on quantum computing platforms that does not form the full assignment matrix, or its inverse, and works in a subspace defined by the noisy input bit-strings. This method accommodates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-11 Paul D. Nation , Hwajung Kang , Neereja Sundaresan , Jay M. Gambetta

The readout error on near-term quantum devices is one of the dominant noise factors, which can be mitigated by classical postprocessing called quantum readout error mitigation (QREM). The standard QREM applies the inverse of noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Bo Yang , Rudy Raymond , Shumpei Uno

Probabilistic error cancellation is a quantum error mitigation technique capable of producing unbiased computation results but requires an accurate error model. Constructing this model involves estimating a set of parameters, which, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-12 Haipeng Xie , Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Kento Tsubouchi , Ying Li

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a promising application for near-term quantum processors, however the quality of their results is greatly limited by noise. For this reason, various error mitigation techniques have emerged to deal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-19 George S. Barron , Christopher J. Wood

Measurements on near-term quantum processors are inevitably subject to hardware imperfections that lead to readout errors. Mitigation of such unavoidable errors is crucial to better explore and extend the power of near-term quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Kun Wang , Yu-Ao Chen , Xin Wang

Error mitigation has been one of the recently sought after methods to reduce the effects of noise when computation is performed on a noisy near-term quantum computer. Interest in simulating stochastic processes with quantum models gained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Matthew Ho , Ryuji Takagi , Mile Gu

Error mitigation techniques are crucial to achieving near-term quantum advantage. Classical post-processing of quantum computation outcomes is a popular approach for error mitigation, which includes methods such as Zero Noise Extrapolation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Maksym Prodius , Piotr Czarnik , Michael McKerns , Andrew T. Sornborger , Lukasz Cincio

Current noisy quantum computers have multiple types of errors, which can occur in the state preparation, measurement/readout, and gate operation, as well as intrinsic decoherence and relaxation. Partly motivated by the booming of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Hongye Yu , Tzu-Chieh Wei

Quantum computing devices are inevitably subject to errors. To leverage quantum technologies for computational benefits in practical applications, quantum algorithms and protocols must be implemented reliably under noise and imperfections.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-18 Jihye Kim , Byungdu Oh , Yonuk Chong , Euyheon Hwang , Daniel K. Park

Several techniques have been recently introduced to mitigate errors in near-term quantum computers without the overhead required by quantum error correcting codes. While most of the focus has been on gate errors, measurement errors are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-10 Michael R. Geller

Quantum computers have enabled solving problems beyond the current computers' capabilities. However, this requires handling noise arising from unwanted interactions in these systems. Several protocols have been proposed to address efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 Ali Shaib , Mohamad H. Naim , Mohammed E. Fouda , Rouwaida Kanj , Fadi Kurdahi
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