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Background: Pain assessment in individuals with neurological conditions, especially those with limited self-report ability and altered facial expressions, presents challenges. Existing measures, relying on direct observation by caregivers,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Álvaro Sabater-Gárriz , F. Xavier Gaya-Morey , José María Buades-Rubio , Cristina Manresa Yee , Pedro Montoya , Inmaculada Riquelme

The automatic estimation of pain is essential in designing an optimal pain management system offering reliable assessment and reducing the suffering of patients. In this study, we present a novel full transformer-based framework consisting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Stefanos Gkikas , Manolis Tsiknakis

The diversity of facial shapes and motions among persons is one of the greatest challenges for automatic analysis of facial expressions. In this paper, we propose a feature describing expression intensity over time, while being invariant to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Maren Awiszus , Stella Graßhof , Felix Kuhnke , Jörn Ostermann

We introduce a novel method that combines differential geometry, kernels smoothing, and spectral analysis to quantify facial muscle activity from widely accessible video recordings, such as those captured on personal smartphones. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Juni Kim , Zhikang Dong , Pawel Polak

One of the challenges in affect recognition is accurate estimation of the emotion intensity level. This research proposes development of an affect intensity estimation model based on a weighted sum of classification confidence levels,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-07-06 Amol Patwardhan , Gerald Knapp

Understanding pain-related facial behaviors is essential for digital healthcare in terms of effective monitoring, assisted diagnostics, and treatment planning, particularly for patients unable to communicate verbally. Existing data-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zhiyu Wang , Yang Liu , Hatice Gunes

Getting pain intensity from face images is an important problem in autonomous nursing systems. However, due to the limitation in data sources and the subjectiveness in pain intensity values, it is hard to adopt modern deep neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Conghui Li , Zhaocheng Zhu , Yuming Zhao

In this paper, we present a model that can directly predict emotion intensity score from video inputs, instead of deriving from action units. Using a 3d DNN incorporated with dynamic emotion information, we train a model using videos of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Jacob Ouyang , Isaac R Galatzer-Levy , Vidya Koesmahargyo , Li Zhang

In this letter, we aim to investigate whether laboratory rats' pain can be automatically assessed through their facial expressions. To this end, we began by presenting a publicly available dataset called RatsPain, consisting of 1,138 facial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Liu Liu , Guang Li , Dingfan Deng , Jinhua Yu , Yuan Zong

Current day pain assessment methods rely on patient self-report or by an observer like the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses. Patient self-report is subjective to the individual and suffers due to poor recall. Pain assessment by manual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Subhash Nerella , Azra Bihorac , Patrick Tighe , Parisa Rashidi

Pain is a serious and costly issue globally, but to be treated, it must first be detected. Vision transformers are a top-performing architecture in computer vision, with little research on their use for pain detection. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Giacomo Fiorentini , Itir Onal Ertugrul , Albert Ali Salah

Facial pain expression is an important modality for assessing pain, especially when the patient's verbal ability to communicate is impaired. The facial muscle-based action units (AUs), which are defined by the Facial Action Coding System…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Zhanli Chen , Rashid Ansari , Diana Wilkie

Pain monitoring is essential to the quality of care for patients undergoing a medical procedure with sedation. An automated mechanism for detecting pain could improve sedation dose titration. Previous studies on facial pain detection have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Y. Zarghami , S. Mafeld , A. Conway , B. Taati

This paper discusses a novel method for Facial Expression Recognition System which performs facial expression analysis in a near real time from a live web cam feed. Primary objectives were to get results in a near real time with light…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-06-18 Saumil Srivastava

We propose a novel method for automatic pain intensity estimation from facial images based on the framework of kernel Conditional Ordinal Random Fields (KCORF). We extend this framework to account for heteroscedasticity on the output…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-04-04 Ognjen Rudovic , Maja Pantic , Vladimir Pavlovic

Tracking Facial Points in unconstrained videos is challenging due to the non-rigid deformation that changes over time. In this paper, we propose to exploit incremental learning for person-specific alignment in wild conditions. Our approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-12 Xi Peng , Qiong Hu , Junzhou Huang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

In this paper, we present a multimodal approach to simultaneously analyze facial movements and several peripheral physiological signals to decode individualized affective experiences under positive and negative emotional contexts, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Yu Yin , Mohsen Nabian , Miolin Fan , ChunAn Chou , Maria Gendron , Sarah Ostadabbas

Pain assessment is essential in developing optimal pain management protocols to alleviate suffering and prevent functional decline in patients. Consequently, reliable and accurate automatic pain assessment systems are essential for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Stefanos Gkikas , Manolis Tsiknakis

Pain is a complex and subjective experience that poses a number of measurement challenges. While self-report by the patient is viewed as the gold standard of pain assessment, this approach fails when patients cannot verbally communicate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-09-06 Daniel Lopez-Martinez , Rosalind Picard

From the original abstract: This thesis initially aims to study the pain assessment process from a clinical-theoretical perspective while exploring and examining existing automatic approaches. Building on this foundation, the primary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Stefanos Gkikas