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Van der Waals (vdW) materials enable nonlinear-optical engineering with unprecedented resolution: their strong second-order susceptibilities ($\chi^{(2)}$) and twist-tunable interlayer symmetry allow the effective nonlinearity to be shaped…

Understanding the emergent electronic structure in twisted atomically thin layers has led to the exciting field of twistronics. However, practical applications of such systems are challenging since the specific angular correlations between…

To enable new nonlinear responses, metamaterials are created by organizing structural units (meta-atoms) which are typically on the scale of about a hundred nanometers. However, truly altering atomic symmetry and enabling new nonlinear…

Optics · Physics 2023-03-14 Bumho Kim , Jicheng Jin , Zhi Wang , Li He , Thomas Christensen , Eugene J. Mele , Bo Zhen

Layered van der Waals (vdW) materials have emerged as a promising platform for nanophotonics due to large refractive indexes and giant optical anisotropy. Unlike conventional dielectrics and semiconductors, the absence of covalent bonds…

Van der Waals stacking presents new opportunities for nonlinear optics with its remarkable tunability and scalability. However, the fundamental role of interlayer interactions in modifying the overall nonlinear optical susceptibilities…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-11 Kanchan Shaikh , Taejun Yoo , Zeyuan Zhu , Qiuyang Li , Amalya C. Johnson , Hui Deng , Fang Liu , Yuki Kobayashi

The assembling of twisted stacks of van der Waals (vdW) materials had led to the discovery of a profusion of remarkable physical phenomena in recent years, as it provides a means to accurately control and harness electronic band structures.…

In van der Waals heterostructures, electronic bands of two-dimensional (2D) materials, their nontrivial topology, and electron-electron interactions can be dramatically changed by a moire pattern induced by twist angles between different…

When two-dimensional crystals are brought into close proximity, their interaction results in strong reconstruction of electronic spectrum and local crystal structure. Such reconstruction strongly depends on the twist angle between the two…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 C. R. Woods , P. Ares , H. Nevison-Andrews , M. J. Holwill , R. Fabregas , F. Guinea , A. K. Geim , K. S. Novoselov , N. R. Walet , L. Fumagalli

Recent discoveries have shown that when two layers of van der Waals (vdW) materials are superimposed with a relative twist angle between their respective in-plane principal axes, the electronic properties of the coupled system can be…

The BiTeX family of polar van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors offers a unique platform for exploring the interplay between polar crystalline structure and nonlinear optical phenomena. Here, we utilize second harmonic generation (SHG)…

In addition to a plethora of emergent phenomena, the spatial topology of optical vortices enables an array of applications spanning communications to quantum photonics. Nonlinear optics is essential in this context, providing access to an…

Second harmonic generation (SHG) in van der Waals (vdWs) materials has garnered significant attention due to its potential for integrated nonlinear optical and optoelectronic applications. Stacking faults in vdWs materials, a typical kind…

Nonlinear frequency conversion provides essential tools for light generation, photon entanglement, and manipulation. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess huge nonlinear susceptibilities and 3R-stacked TMD crystals further combine…

Second-order nonlinear optical processes are fundamental to photonics, spectroscopy, and information technologies, with material platforms playing a pivotal role in advancing these applications. Here, we demonstrate the exceptional…

In moir\'e crystals resulting from the stacking of twisted two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, a subtle adjustment in the twist angle surprisingly gives rise to a wide range of correlated optical and electrical properties. Herein, we…

Twist-engineering of the electronic structure of van-der-Waals layered materials relies predominantly on band hybridization between layers. Band-edge states in transition-metal-dichalcogenide semiconductors are localized around the metal…

Optical spectroscopy based on second-order nonlinearity is a critical technique for characterizing two-dimensional (2D) crystals as well as bioimaging and quantum optics. It is generally believed that second-harmonic generation (SHG) in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Haoning Tang , Zhitong Ding , Tianyi Ruan , Zeyu Hao , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Haozhe Wang , Ali Javey , Feng Wang , Yuan Cao

The ability to control light polarization state is critically important for diverse applications in information processing, telecommunications, and spectroscopy. Here, we propose that a stack of anisotropic van der Waals materials can…

Van der Waals (vdW) crystals are prone to twisting, sliding, and buckling due to inherently weak interlayer interactions. While thickness-controlled vdW structures have attracted considerable attention as ultrathin semiconducting channels,…

Optical phase-matching involves establishing a proper phase relationship between the fundamental and generated waves to enable efficient optical parametric processes. It is typically achieved through either birefringence or periodically…

Optics · Physics 2023-05-22 Hao Hong , Chen Huang , Chenjun Ma , Jiajie Qi , Can Liu , Shiwei Wu , Zhipei Sun , Enge Wang , Kaihui Liu
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