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Related papers: Bell inequality violation on small NISQ computers

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Noisy and Intermediate-Scale Quantum, or NISQ, processors are sensitive to noise, prone to quantum decoherence, and are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Hence, quantum algorithms…

Extracting energy spectra from quantum Hamiltonians is a fundamental task for quantum simulation, yet remains challenging on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We propose Measured Quantum Time Evolution (MQTE), an ancilla-free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Qing-Xing Xie , Yong-Kang Duan , Fa-Hui Liu , Yan Zhao

By calculating entanglement measures and quantum violation of Bell-type inequality, we reveal the relationship between entanglement measure and the amount of quantum violation for a family of four-qubit entangled states. It has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 Dong Ding , Yingqiu He , Fengli Yan , Ting Gao

Leggett-Garg's inequalities predict sharp bounds for some classical correlation functions that address the quantum or classical nature of real-time evolutions. We experimentally observe the violations of these bounds on single- and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-06 Alessandro Santini , Vittorio Vitale

A key problem in the field of quantum computing is understanding whether quantum machine learning (QML) models implemented on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines can achieve quantum advantages. Recently, Huang et al. [Nat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Xinbiao Wang , Yuxuan Du , Yong Luo , Dacheng Tao

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) regime, quantum devices contain hardware-specific noise sources which restrict device-invariant error mitigation strategies. We explore transfer learning approaches to apply noise models…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Sahil Al Farib , Sheikh Redwanul Islam , Azizur Rahman Anik

Quantum computers will require encoding of quantum information to protect them from noise. Fault-tolerant quantum computing architectures illustrate how this might be done but have not yet shown a conclusive practical advantage. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-01 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

Quantum error correction methods use processing power to combat noise. The noise level which can be tolerated in a fault-tolerant method is therefore a function of the computational resources available, especially the size of computer and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Andrew Steane

Bell nonlocality is a fundamental phenomenon of quantum physics as well as an essential resource for various tasks in quantum information processing. It is known that for the observation of nonlocality the measurements on a quantum system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Martin Plávala , Otfried Gühne , Marco Túlio Quintino

To bridge the gap between limited hardware access and the huge demand for experiments for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computing system study, a simulator which can capture the modeling of both the quantum processor and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-08 Gushu Li , Yufei Ding , Yuan Xie

The rapid progress of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing underscores the need to test and evaluate new devices and applications. Quantum chemistry is a key application area for these devices, and therefore serves as an…

A Bell inequality is a fundamental test to rule out local hidden variable model descriptions of correlations between two physically separated systems. There have been a number of experiments in which a Bell inequality has been violated…

We propose two quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols based on Bell's inequality, which can be considered as modified time-reversed E91 protocol. Similar to the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-29 Hua-Lei Yin , Yao Fu , Yan-Lin Tang , Yuan Li , Teng-Yun Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

Violation of local realism via Bell inequality - a profound and counterintuitive manifestation of quantum theory that conflicts with the prediction of local realism - is viewed to be intimately linked with quantum entanglement. Experimental…

Quantum machine learning has proven to be a fruitful area in which to search for potential applications of quantum computers. This is particularly true for those available in the near term, so called noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Brian Coyle

Quantum computing is one of the most enticing computational paradigms with the potential to revolutionize diverse areas of future-generation computational systems. While quantum computing hardware has advanced rapidly, from tiny laboratory…

We have determined the maximum quantum violation of 241 tight bipartite Bell inequalities with up to five two-outcome measurement settings per party by constructing the appropriate measurement operators in up to six-dimensional complex and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-04 K. F. Pál , T. Vértesi

Entanglement represents one of the most important conceptual advances in physics during the last century and is also one of the most essential resources in quantum information science. However, entanglement is fragile and its potential…

We present an error mitigation scheme which corrects readout errors on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers [1,2]. After a short review of applying the method to one qubit, we proceed to discuss the case when correlations…

Error-correcting codes were invented to correct errors on noisy communication channels. Quantum error correction (QEC), however, may have a wider range of uses, including information transmission, quantum simulation/computation, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-05 Ningping Cao , Junan Lin , David Kribs , Yiu-Tung Poon , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme