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We present RLLTE: a long-term evolution, extremely modular, and open-source framework for reinforcement learning (RL) research and application. Beyond delivering top-notch algorithm implementations, RLLTE also serves as a toolkit for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Mingqi Yuan , Zequn Zhang , Yang Xu , Shihao Luo , Bo Li , Xin Jin , Wenjun Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread popularity across diverse domains involving text generation, summarization, and various natural language processing tasks. Despite their inherent limitations, LLM-based designs have shown…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Maria Rigaki , Ondřej Lukáš , Carlos A. Catania , Sebastian Garcia

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents improve through trial-and-error, but when reward is sparse and the agent cannot discover successful action sequences, learning stagnates. This has been a notable problem in training deep RL agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Evan Zheran Liu , Kelvin Guu , Panupong Pasupat , Tianlin Shi , Percy Liang

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms find applications in inventory control, recommender systems, vehicular traffic management, cloud computing and robotics. The real-world complications of many tasks arising in these domains makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sindhu Padakandla

Learning in environments with large state and action spaces, and sparse rewards, can hinder a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent's learning through trial-and-error. For instance, following natural language instructions on the Web (such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Izzeddin Gur , Ulrich Rueckert , Aleksandra Faust , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Reinforcement learning agents have traditionally been evaluated on small toy problems. With advances in computing power and the advent of the Arcade Learning Environment, it is now possible to evaluate algorithms on diverse and difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-11-03 Aaron Defazio , Thore Graepel

Soft real-time applications are becoming increasingly complex, posing significant challenges for scheduling offloaded tasks in edge computing environments while meeting task timing constraints. Moreover, the exponential growth of the search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Amin Avan , Akramul Azim , Qusay Mahmoud

It is common practice in reinforcement learning (RL) research to train and deploy agents in bespoke simulators, typically implemented by engineers directly in general-purpose programming languages or hardware acceleration frameworks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Spyridon Samothrakis , Kurt Driessens , Mark H. M. Winands

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine learning paradigm where an autonomous agent learns to make an optimal sequence of decisions by interacting with the underlying environment. The promise demonstrated by RL-guided workflows in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Satwik Patnaik , Vasudev Gohil , Hao Guo , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran

Large Language Models (LLMs) equipped with web search capabilities have demonstrated impressive potential for deep research tasks. However, current approaches predominantly rely on either manually engineered prompts (prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yuxiang Zheng , Dayuan Fu , Xiangkun Hu , Xiaojie Cai , Lyumanshan Ye , Pengrui Lu , Pengfei Liu

In reinforcement learning (RL) research, it is common to assume access to direct online interactions with the environment. However in many real-world applications, access to the environment is limited to a fixed offline dataset of logged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Yifan Wu , George Tucker , Ofir Nachum

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that has been successfully applied to a wide variety of problems. However, it can be unpredictable and produce suboptimal results in complicated learning environments.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Brian Mintz , Feng Fu

We present OpenRL, an advanced reinforcement learning (RL) framework designed to accommodate a diverse array of tasks, from single-agent challenges to complex multi-agent systems. OpenRL's robust support for self-play training empowers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Shiyu Huang , Wentse Chen , Yiwen Sun , Fuqing Bie , Wei-Wei Tu

This paper introduces ARCLE, an environment designed to facilitate reinforcement learning research on the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC). Addressing this inductive reasoning benchmark with reinforcement learning presents these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Hosung Lee , Sejin Kim , Seungpil Lee , Sanha Hwang , Jihwan Lee , Byung-Jun Lee , Sundong Kim

This paper delves into applying reinforcement learning (RL) in strategy games, particularly those characterized by parity challenges, as seen in specific positions of Go and Chess and a broader range of impartial games. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Bei Zhou , Soren Riis

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the active fields in machine learning, demonstrating remarkable potential in tackling real-world challenges. Despite its promising prospects, this methodology has encountered with issues and challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Alireza Rashidi Laleh , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

Interactive fiction games have emerged as an important application to improve the generalization capabilities of language-based reinforcement learning (RL) agents. Existing environments for interactive fiction games are domain-specific or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Shreyas Basavatia , Keerthiram Murugesan , Shivam Ratnakar

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become essential to the post-training of large language models (LLMs) for reasoning, agentic capabilities and alignment. Successful RL relies on sufficient exploration of diverse actions by the model during…

With the widespread adoption of deep learning, reinforcement learning (RL) has experienced a dramatic increase in popularity, scaling to previously intractable problems, such as playing complex games from pixel observations, sustaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Rafael Figueiredo Prudencio , Marcos R. O. A. Maximo , Esther Luna Colombini

Recent breakthroughs in the development of agents to solve challenging sequential decision making problems such as Go, StarCraft, or DOTA, have relied on both simulated environments and large-scale datasets. However, progress on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Eric Hambro , Roberta Raileanu , Danielle Rothermel , Vegard Mella , Tim Rocktäschel , Heinrich Küttler , Naila Murray