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In this work we consider the inverse problem of reconstructing the optical properties of a layered medium from an elastography measurement where optical coherence tomography is used as the imaging method. We hereby model the sample as a…
A novel diagnostic of cosmic-ray modified shocks by polarimetry of H $\alpha$ emissions is suggested. In a cosmic-ray modified shock, the pressure of cosmic rays is sufficiently high compared to the upstream ram pressure to force the…
Water, ethanol, and ammonia are the key components of the mantles of Uranus and Neptune. To improve structure and evolution models and give an explanation of the magnetic fields and luminosities of the icy giants, those components need to…
We consider a generalized coagulation-decoagulation system on a one-dimensional discrete lattice with reflecting boundaries. It is known that a Bernoulli shock measure with two shock fronts might have a simple random-walk dynamics, provided…
The analysis of x-ray reflectivity data from artificial heterostructures usually relies on the homogeneity of optical properties of the constituent materials. However, when the x-ray energy is tuned to an absorption edge, this homogeneity…
Scanning objects with a more tightly focused beam (for example of photons or electrons) can provide higher-resolution images. However the stronger localisation of energy deposition can damage tissues in organic samples or may rearrange the…
An anisotropic equation of state is proposed for accurate extrapolation of high-pressure shock Hugoniot states to other thermodynamics states for shocked single crystals and polycrystalline alloys. The proposed equation of state represents…
We study the detection of weak coherent forces by means of an optomechanical device formed by a highly reflecting isolated mirror shined by an intense and highly monochromatic laser field. Radiation pressure excites a vibrational mode of…
Hypersonic phononic bandgap structures confine acoustic vibrations whose wavelength is commensurate with that of light, and have been studied using either time- or frequency-domain optical spectroscopy. Pulsed pump-probe lasers are the…
Solutions of first-order nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws typically develop shocks in finite time even with smooth initial conditions. However, in heterogeneous media with rapid spatial variation, shock formation may be delayed or…
Interaction of light with media often occurs with a femtosecond response time. Its measurement by conventional techniques requires the use of femtosecond lasers and sophisticated time-gated optical detection1-3. Here we demonstrate that by…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the fields that the compressed sensing theory is well utilized to reduce the scan time significantly leading to faster imaging or higher resolution images. It has been shown that a small fraction…
X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) is a versatile technique with wide-ranging applications, particularly in the fields of biology and medicine. Where X-ray absorption radiography requires high density ratios for effective imaging, XPCI is…
Polarized light microscopy, as a contrast-enhancing technique for optically anisotropic materials, is a method well suited for the investigation of a wide variety of effects in solid-state physics, as for example birefringence in crystals…
We calculate the equation of state of dense deuterium with two ab initio simulations techniques, path integral Monte Carlo and density functional theory molecular dynamics, in the density range of 0.67 < rho < 1.60 g/cc. We derive the…
Type IIn and related supernovae show evidence for an interaction with a dense circumstellar medium that produces most of the supernova luminosity. X-ray emission from shock heated gas is crucial for the energetics of the interaction and can…
Highest resolution laser spectroscopy has generally been limited to single trapped ion systems due to rapid decoherence which plagues neutral atom ensembles. Here, precision spectroscopy of ultracold neutral atoms confined in a trapping…
We address the problem of mass measurements of supersymmetric particles at the Large Hadron Collider, using the ATLAS detector as an example. By using Markov Chain sampling techniques to combine standard measurements of kinematic edges in…
We develop a Continuous Hugoniot Method for the efficient simulation of shock wave fronts with molecular dynamics. This approach achieves a significantly improved efficiency in the generation of a dense sampling of steady-state shock front…
We use the Markov ChainMonte Carlo method to investigate global constraints on the generalized holographic (GH) dark energy with flat and non-flat universe from the current observed data: the Union2 dataset of type supernovae Ia (SNIa),…