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Modern data of the extinction curve from the ultraviolet to the near infrared are revisited to study the property of dust grains in the Milky Way (MW) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We confirm that the graphite-silicate mixture of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 Takaya Nozawa , Masataka Fukugita

A correlation between proto-planetary disc radii and sub-mm fluxes has been recently reported. In this Letter we show that the correlation is a sensitive probe of grain growth processes. Using models of grain growth and drift, we have shown…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-08 Giovanni P. Rosotti , Richard A. Booth , Marco Tazzari , Cathie Clarke , Giuseppe Lodato , Leonardo Testi

Millimeter emitting dust grains have sizes that make them susceptible to drift in protoplanetary disks due to a difference between their orbital speed and that of the gas. The characteristic drift timescale depends on the surface density of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-10 Jonathan P. Williams , Caleb Painter , Alexa R. Anderson , Alvaro Ribas

We model the process of dust coagulation in protoplanetary disks and calculate how it affects their observational appearance. Our model involves the detailed solution of the coagulation equation at every location in the disk. At regular…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 C. P. Dullemond , C. Dominik

We investigated fundamental processes of collisional sticking and fragmentation of dust aggregates by carrying out N-body simulations of submicron-sized icy dust monomers. We examined the condition for collisional growth of two colliding…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Yukihiko Hasegawa , Takeru K. Suzuki , Hidekazu Tanaka , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Koji Wada

We investigate the gas-grain relative drift velocity distributions of charged astrophysical dust grains in MHD turbulence. We do this using a range of MHD-PIC simulations spanning different plasma-$\beta$, sonic/Alfv\'en Mach number, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-28 Eric R. Moseley , Romain Teyssier

The sizes of interstellar grains are widely distributed, ranging from a few angstroms to a few micrometers. The ultraviolet (UV) and optical extinction constrains the dust in the size range of a couple hundredth micrometers to several…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-09-23 Shu Wang , Aigen Li , B. W. Jiang

The coupling between the magnetic field and the gas during the collapsing phase of star-forming cores is strongly affected by the dust size distribution, which is expected to evolve. We aim to investigate the influence of key parameters on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-02 Valentin Vallucci-Goy , Ugo Lebreuilly , Patrick Hennebelle

In many models of dusty objects in space the grains are assumed to be composite or fluffy. However, the computation of the optical properties of such particles is still a very difficult problem. We analyze how the increase of grain porosity…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 N. V. Voshchinnikov , V. B. Il'in , Th. Henning , D. N. Dubkova

We have computed wind models with time-dependent dust formation and grain-size dependent opacities, where (1) the problem is simplified by assuming a fixed dust-grain size, and where (2) the radiation pressure efficiency is approximated…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-04 Lars Mattsson , Susanne Höfner

Extinction curves, especially those in the Milky Way (MW), the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), have provided us with a clue to the dust properties in the nearby Universe. We examine whether or not these…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-22 Kuan-Chou Hou , Hiroyuki Hirashita , Michał J. Michałowski

The properties of interstellar grains, such as grain size distribution and grain porosity, are affected by interstellar processing, in particular, coagulation and shattering, which take place in the dense and diffuse interstellar medium…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-13 Hiroyuki Hirashita , Vladimir B. Il'in , Laurent Pagani , Charlène Lefèvre

We investigate the condition for the formation of micron-sized grains in dense cores of molecular clouds. This is motivated by the detection of the mid-infrared emission from deep inside a number of dense cores, the so-called `coreshine,'…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-16 Hiroyuki Hirashita , Zhi-Yun Li

Investigating the chemical complexity of the interstellar medium (ISM) is key for understanding its physical nature and evolution. In this work, we study parsec-scale interstellar dust clouds in the neutral ISM of the Milky Way using two…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-29 T. Ramburuth-Hurt , A. De Cia , J. -K. Krogager , C. Ledoux , A. J. Fox

Maps of estimated dust column density in molecular clouds are usually assumed to reliably trace the total gas column density structure. In this work we present results showing a clear discrepancy between the dust and the gas distribution in…

The size of dust grains, $a$, is key to the physical and chemical processes in circumstellar disks, but observational constraints of grain size remain challenging. (Sub)millimeter continuum observations often show a percent-level…

We discuss the rotational excitation of small interstellar grains and the resulting electric dipole radiation from spinning dust. Attention is given to excitation and damping of rotation by: collisions with neutrals; collisions with ions;…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-05 B. T. Draine , A. Lazarian

We developed a chemical network for modeling the chemistry and non-ideal MHD effects from the collapsing dense molecular clouds to protostellar disks. First, we re-formulated the cosmic-ray desorption rate by considering the variations of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Bo Zhao , Paola Caselli , Zhi-Yun Li

Recent observations indicate that mm/cm-sized grains may exist in the embedded protostellar disks. How such large grains grow from the micron size (or less) in the earliest phase of star formation remains relatively unexplored. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-29 Yisheng Tu , Zhi-Yun Li , Ka Ho Lam

Interstellar dust grains do not have a single well-defined origin. Stars are demonstrably dust producers, but also efficient destroyers of cosmic dust. Dust destruction in the ISM is believed to be the result of SN shocks hitting the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-06-24 Lars Mattsson