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Existing model-based reinforcement learning methods often study perception modeling and decision making separately. We introduce joint Perception and Control as Inference (PCI), a general framework to combine perception and control for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Minne Li , Zheng Tian , Pranav Nashikkar , Ian Davies , Ying Wen , Jun Wang

Active Inference is an emerging framework providing a quantitative account of behavioral processes in neuroscience and a principled approach to decision-making under uncertainty. Its application to agency problems is natural, offering an…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Francesco Maria Mancinelli , Matteo Torzoni , Domenico Maisto , Francesco Donnarumma , Alberto Corigliano , Giovanni Pezzulo , Andrea Manzoni

What is the difference between goal-directed and habitual behavior? We propose a novel computational framework of decision making with Bayesian inference, in which everything is integrated as an entire neural network model. The model learns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya , Jun Tani

The Computing Continuum (CC) is an emerging Internet-based computing paradigm that spans from local Internet of Things sensors and constrained edge devices to large-scale cloud data centers. Its goal is to orchestrate a vast array of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Victor Casamayor Pujol , Boris Sedlak , Tommaso Salvatori , Karl Friston , Schahram Dustdar

Active inference may be defined as Bayesian modeling of a brain with a biologically plausible model of the agent. Its primary idea relies on the free energy principle and the prior preference of the agent. An agent will choose an action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Jin young Shin , Cheolhyeong Kim , Hyung Ju Hwang

The proliferation of agentic artificial intelligence has outpaced the conceptual tools needed to characterize agency in computational systems. Prevailing definitions mainly rely on autonomy and goal-directedness. Here, we argue for a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Philip Wilson , Axel Constant , Mahault Albarracin , Nicolás Hinrichs , Jasmine Moore , Daniel Polani , Karl Friston

In industrial recommendation systems, pre-ranking models based on deep neural networks (DNNs) commonly adopt a sequential execution framework: feature fetching and model forward computation are triggered only after receiving candidates from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zhi Kou , Xiang-Rong Sheng , Shuguang Han , Zhishan Zhao , Yueyao Cheng , Han Zhu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Neuromorphic Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a theoretical approach to designing better user experiences (UX) motivated by advances in the understanding of the neurophysiology of the brain. Inspired by the neuroscientific theory of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Roel Vertegaal , Timothy Merritt , Saul Greenberg , Aneesh P. Tarun , Zhen Li , Zafeirios Fountas

Interference alignment (IA) is a widely recognized approach for mitigating inter-cell interference in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks. Despite its effectiveness, practical deployment remains constrained by two…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Samitha Gunarathne , Eslam Eldeeb , Nurul Huda Mahmood , Italo Atzeni

Active inference is a process theory of the brain that states that all living organisms infer actions in order to minimize their (expected) free energy. However, current experiments are limited to predefined, often discrete, state spaces.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Ozan Çatal , Tim Verbelen , Johannes Nauta , Cedric De Boom , Bart Dhoedt

Drawing inspiration from animal navigation strategies, we introduce a novel computational model for navigation and mapping, rooted in biologically inspired principles. Animals exhibit remarkable navigation abilities by efficiently using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Daria de Tinguy , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

Active inference is a theory of perception, learning and decision making, which can be applied to neuroscience, robotics, and machine learning. Recently, reasearch has been taking place to scale up this framework using Monte-Carlo tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Théophile Champion , Marek Grześ , Lisa Bonheme , Howard Bowman

This paper develops a control-theoretic framework for analyzing agentic systems embedded within feedback control loops, where an AI agent may adapt controller parameters, select among control strategies, invoke external tools, reconfigure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Ali Eslami , Jiangbo Yu

Generative AI (GenAI) tools improve productivity in knowledge workflows such as writing, but also risk overreliance and reduced critical thinking. Cognitive forcing functions (CFFs) mitigate these risks by requiring active engagement with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ahana Ghosh , Advait Sarkar , Siân Lindley , Christian Poelitz

Active inference (AIF) unifies exploration and exploitation by minimizing the Expected Free Energy (EFE), balancing epistemic value (information gain) and pragmatic value (task performance) through a curiosity coefficient. Yet it has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yingke Li , Anjali Parashar , Enlu Zhou , Chuchu Fan

With recent and rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), understanding the foundation of purposeful behaviour in autonomous agents is crucial for developing safe and efficient systems. While artificial neural networks have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Aswin Paul , Moein Khajehnejad , Forough Habibollahi , Brett J. Kagan , Adeel Razi

Cognitive Autonomous Networks (CAN) deploys learning based Cognitive Functions (CF) instead of conventional rule-based SON Functions (SF) as Network Automation Functions (NAF) to increase the system autonomy. These CFs work in parallel…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Anubhab Banerjee , Stephen S. Mwanje , Georg Carle

Active inference is a theory that underpins the way biological agent's perceive and act in the real world. At its core, active inference is based on the principle that the brain is an approximate Bayesian inference engine, building an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Ozan Çatal , Samuel Wauthier , Tim Verbelen , Cedric De Boom , Bart Dhoedt

Active inference offers a first principle account of sentient behaviour, from which special and important cases can be derived, e.g., reinforcement learning, active learning, Bayes optimal inference, Bayes optimal design, etc. Active…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-09 Karl Friston , Lancelot Da Costa , Danijar Hafner , Casper Hesp , Thomas Parr

Intelligent systems have the ability to improve their behaviour over time taking observations, experiences or explicit feedback into account. Traditional approaches separate the learning problem and make isolated use of techniques from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Simon Reichhuber , Sven Tomforde