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Understanding emotions in natural language is inherently a multi-dimensional reasoning problem, where multiple affective signals interact through context, interpersonal relations, and situational cues. However, most existing emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hemanth Kotaprolu , Kishan Maharaj , Raey Zhao , Abhijit Mishra , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

In order to develop more precise and functional affective applications, it is necessary to achieve a balance between the psychology and the engineering applied to emotions. Signals from the central and peripheral nervous systems have been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Jennifer Sorinas , Jose Manuel Ferrández , Eduardo Fernandez

Many individuals especially those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), alexithymia, or other neurodivergent profiles face challenges in recognizing, expressing, or interpreting emotions. To support more inclusive and personalized emotion…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Von Ralph Dane Marquez Herbuela , Yukie Nagai

The modeling of conversational context plays a vital role in emotion recognition from conversation (ERC). In this paper, we put forward a novel idea of encoding the utterances with a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to better model the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Weizhou Shen , Siyue Wu , Yunyi Yang , Xiaojun Quan

Empathy in young children is crucial for their social and emotional development, yet predicting it remains challenging. Traditional methods often only rely on self-reports or observer-based labeling, which are susceptible to bias and fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chen Xie , Gaofeng Wu , Kaidong Wang , Zihao Zhu , Xiaoshu Luo , Yan Liang , Feiyu Quan , Ruoxi Wu , Xianghui Huang , Han Zhang

We consider the problem of learning the underlying causal structure among a set of variables, which are assumed to follow a Bayesian network or, more specifically, a linear recursive structural equation model (SEM) with the associated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Anamitra Chaudhuri , Anirban Bhattacharya , Yang Ni

Visual Emotion Analysis (VEA) has attracted increasing attention recently with the prevalence of sharing images on social networks. Since human emotions are ambiguous and subjective, it is more reasonable to address VEA in a label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Jingyuan Yang , Jie Li , Leida Li , Xiumei Wang , Xinbo Gao

As the demand for emotional intelligence in large language models (LLMs) grows, a key challenge lies in understanding the internal mechanisms that give rise to emotional expression and in controlling emotions in generated text. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Chenxi Wang , Yixuan Zhang , Ruiji Yu , Yufei Zheng , Lang Gao , Zirui Song , Zixiang Xu , Gus Xia , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao , Xiuying Chen

Compared to other modalities, EEG-based emotion recognition can intuitively respond to the emotional patterns in the human brain and, therefore, has become one of the most concerning tasks in the brain-computer interfaces field. Since…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-05 Chenyu Liu , Yuqiu Deng , Yihao Wu , Ruizhi Yang , Zhongruo Wang , Liangwei Zhang , Siyun Chen , Tianyi Zhang , Yang Liu , Yi Ding , Liming Zhai , Ziyu Jia , Xinliang Zhou

Bayesian causal structure learning aims to learn a posterior distribution over directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and the mechanisms that define the relationship between parent and child variables. By taking a Bayesian approach, it is possible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Mizu Nishikawa-Toomey , Tristan Deleu , Jithendaraa Subramanian , Yoshua Bengio , Laurent Charlin

Understanding the causal relationships between data variables can provide crucial insights into the construction of tabular datasets. Most existing causality learning methods typically focus on applying a single identifiable causal model,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hristo Petkov , Calum MacLellan , Feng Dong

Among the different modalities to assess emotion, electroencephalogram (EEG), representing the electrical brain activity, achieved motivating results over the last decade. Emotion estimation from EEG could help in the diagnosis or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Victor Delvigne , Antoine Facchini , Hazem Wannous , Thierry Dutoit , Laurence Ris , Jean-Philippe Vandeborre

Multimodal emotion recognition is a challenging research area that aims to fuse different modalities to predict human emotion. However, most existing models that are based on attention mechanisms have difficulty in learning emotionally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Zihan Zhao , Yu Wang , Yanfeng Wang

Understanding emotions and expressions is a task of interest across multiple disciplines, especially for improving user experiences. Contrary to the common perception, it has been shown that emotions are not discrete entities but instead…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Niklas Wagner , Felix Mätzler , Samed R. Vossberg , Helen Schneider , Svetlana Pavlitska , J. Marius Zöllner

Humans constantly interact with digital devices that disregard their feelings. However, the synergy between human and technology can be strengthened if the technology is able to distinguish and react to human emotions. Models that rely on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Andrea Kuijt , Maryam Alimardani

Human emotion is expressed, perceived and captured using a variety of dynamic data modalities, such as speech (verbal), videos (facial expressions) and motion sensors (body gestures). We propose a generalized approach to emotion recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-24 A. Shirian , S. Tripathi , T. Guha

In recent years, numerous neuroscientific studies demonstrate that specific areas of the brain are connected to human emotional responses, with these regions exhibiting variability across individuals and emotional states. To fully leverage…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-30 Tianzhi Feng , Chennan Wu , Yi Niu , Fu Li , Yang Li , Boxun Fu , Zhifu Zhao , Xiaotian Wang

Compared with the rich studies on the motor brain-computer interface (BCI), the recently emerging affective BCI presents distinct challenges since the brain functional connectivity networks involving emotion are not well investigated.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Xun Wu , Wei-Long Zheng , Bao-Liang Lu

Negative emotions are linked to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases and dementia, yet they are often difficult to detect through observation. Physiological signals from wearable devices offer a promising noninvasive method for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Muhammad Irfan , Anum Nawaz , Ayse Kosal Bulbul , Riku Klen , Abdulhamit Subasi , Tomi Westerlund , Wei Chen

Technique of emotion recognition enables computers to classify human affective states into discrete categories. However, the emotion may fluctuate instead of maintaining a stable state even within a short time interval. There is also a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-24 Yiwen Zhu , Kaiyu Gan , Zhong Yin