Related papers: A Causally Formulated Hazard Ratio Estimation thro…
It is emphasised that for epidemiological studies where disease incidence is rare, results from conventional proportional hazards models can often correctly estimate causal associations. The well-known "backdoor criteria" from…
The Hazard Ratio (HR) is often reported as the main causal effect when studying survival data. Despite its popularity, the HR suffers from an unclear causal interpretation. As already pointed out in the literature, there is a built-in…
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are ideal for estimating causal effects, because the distributions of background covariates are similar in expectation across treatment groups. When estimating causal effects using observational data,…
In large observational studies, the case-cohort design is commonly used to reduce the cost associated with covariate measurement. For survival outcomes, literature has suggested that the restricted mean survival time (RMST) be a more…
Hazard ratios are often used to evaluate time to event outcomes, but they may be hard to interpret. A particular issue arise because hazards are typically estimated conditional on survival, i.e.\ on left truncated samples. Then, hazard…
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are the current gold standards to empirically measure the effect of a new drug. However, they may be of limited size and resorting to complementary non-randomized data, referred to as observational, is…
In the field of road safety, it is common to use responsibility analyses to assess the effect of a given factor on the risk of being responsible for an accident, among drivers involved in an accident only. Even if this design is now widely…
The hazard ratio, typically estimated using Cox's famous proportional hazards model, is the most common effect measure used to describe the association or effect of a covariate on a time-to-event outcome. In recent years the hazard ratio…
Synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition (SAR ATR) methods fall short with limited training data. In this letter, we propose a causal interventional ATR method (CIATR) to formulate the problem of limited SAR data which helps us…
Confounding is a significant obstacle to unbiased estimation of causal effects from observational data. For settings with high-dimensional covariates -- such as text data, genomics, or the behavioral social sciences -- researchers have…
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the most effective approach to causal discovery, but in many circumstances it is impossible to conduct RCTs. Therefore observational studies based on passively observed data are widely accepted as an…
Environmental epidemiologists are increasingly interested in establishing causality between exposures and health outcomes. A popular model for causal inference is the Rubin Causal Model (RCM), which typically seeks to estimate the average…
Recent years have seen many advances in methods for causal structure learning from data. The empirical assessment of such methods, however, is much less developed. Motivated by this gap, we pose the following question: how can one assess,…
Previous studies have shown that hazard ratios between treatment groups estimated with the Cox model are uninterpretable because the unspecified baseline hazard of the model fails to identify temporal change in the risk set composition due…
The cause of failure in cohort studies that involve competing risks is frequently incompletely observed. To address this, several methods have been proposed for the semiparametric proportional cause-specific hazards model under a missing at…
Estimating causal effects for survival outcomes in the high-dimensional setting is an extremely important topic for many biomedical applications as well as areas of social sciences. We propose a new orthogonal score method for treatment…
Backdoor adjustment is a technique in causal inference for estimating interventional quantities from purely observational data. For example, in medical settings, backdoor adjustment can be used to control for confounding and estimate the…
Cox's proportional hazards model is one of the most popular statistical models to evaluate associations of exposure with a censored failure time outcome. When confounding factors are not fully observed, the exposure hazard ratio estimated…
Estimating risk factors for incidence of a disease is crucial for understanding its etiology. For diseases caused by enteric pathogens, off-the-shelf statistical model-based approaches do not consider the biological mechanisms through which…
Time to event outcomes are often evaluated on the hazard scale, but interpreting hazards may be difficult. Recently, there has been concern in the causal inference literature that hazards actually have a built in selection-effect that…