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The issue of the Gibbs paradox is that when considering mixing of two gases within classical thermodynamics, the entropy of mixing appears to be a discontinuous function of the difference between the gases: it is finite for whatever small…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. E. Allahverdyan , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

The mixing of two different gases is one of the most common natural phenomena, with applications ranging from CO$_2$ capture to water purification. Traditionally, mixing is analyzed in the context of local thermal equilibrium, where systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Budhaditya Bhattacharjee , Rohit Kishan Ray , Dominik Šafránek

Gibbs paradox in the context of statistical mechanics addresses the issue of additivity of entropy of mixing gases. The usual discussion attributes the paradoxical situation to classical distinguishability of identical particles and credits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-12 C. S. Unnikrishnan

The ``Gibbs Paradox'' refers to several related questions concerning entropy in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics: whether it is an extensive quantity or not, how it changes when identical particles are mixed, and the proper way to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Chih-Yuan Tseng , Ariel Caticha

The issue of the thermodynamics of a system of distinguishable particles is discussed in this paper. In constructing the statistical mechanics of distinguishable particles from the definition of Boltzmann entropy, it is found that the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2009-12-03 Chi-Ho Cheng

In this work, Gibbs paradox was discussed from the view of observer. The limitations of real observer are analyzed quantitatively. The entropy of mixing was found to be determined by both the identification ability and the information…

Classical Physics · Physics 2016-12-12 Liangsuo Shu , Xiaokang Liu , Suyi Huang , Shiping Jin

We show in this note that Gibbs paradox arises not due to application of thermodynamic principles, whether classical or statistical or even quantum mechanical, but due to incorrect application of mathematics to the process of mixing of…

General Physics · Physics 2013-02-12 Radhakrishnamurty Padyala

Identical classical particles are distinguishable. This distinguishability affects the number of ways W a macrostate can be realized on the micro-level, and from the relation S = k ln W leads to a non-extensive expression for the entropy.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-20 Marijn A. M. Versteegh , Dennis Dieks

The Gibbs Paradox is essentially a set of open questions as to how sameness of gases or fluids (or masses, more generally) are to be treated in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. They have a variety of answers, some restricted to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-08-07 Simon Saunders

This article presents the results of research into the causes of the Gibbs paradox in the formulation discussed by J. W. Gibbs himself. In this formulation, we are talking about an inexplicable (paradoxical) jump in the entropy of mixing of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Volodymyr Ihnatovych

This paper introduces the basic concepts of information theory. Based on these concepts, we regard the states in the state space and the types of ideal gases as the symbols in a symbol set to calculate the mixing entropy of ideal gas…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-21 Xiao Xu

In statistical mechanics Gibbs' paradox is avoided if the particles of a gas are assumed to be indistinguishable. The resulting entropy then agrees with the empirically tested thermodynamic entropy up to a term proportional to the logarithm…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Claus Kiefer , Gerhard Kolland

For a thought experiment concerning the mixing of two classical gases, Gibbs concluded that the work that can be extracted from mixing is determined by whether or not the gases can be distinguished by a semi-permeable membrane; that is, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-19 Zoë Holmes , Florian Mintert , Janet Anders

The analysis of the arguments within the limits of the classical thermodynamics that lead to the Gibbs paradox was made. Features of preconditions used in the derivation of the entropy of mixing of ideal gases that caused the appearance of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-05-06 V. Ihnatovych

This letter presents a new, solely thermodynamical argument for considering the states of the quantum isolated horizon of a black hole as distinguishable. We claim that only if the states are distinguishable, the thermodynamic entropy is an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-26 Andreas G. A. Pithis

We present a fully quantum solution to the Gibbs paradox (GP) with an illustration based on a gedanken experiment with two particles trapped in an infinite potential well. The well is divided into two cells by a solid wall, which could be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-18 H. Dong , C. Y. Cai , C. P. Sun

The Gibbs Mixing Paradox is a conceptual touchstone for understanding mixtures in statistical mechanics. While debates over the theoretical subtleties of particle distinguishability continue to this day, we seek to extend the discussion in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-07-31 Cato Sandford , Daniel Seeto , Alexander Y. Grosberg

The Gibbs paradox of the first kind (GP1) refers to the false increase in entropy which, in statistical mechanics, is calculated from the process of combining two gas systems S1 and S2 consisting of distinguishable particles. Presented in a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-12-19 Hjalmar Peters

The Gibbs paradox is a conventional paradox in classical statistical mechanics, typically resolved by invoking quantum indistinguishability through the 1/N! correction. In this letter, we present a resolution within classical ensemble…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-09 Zheng Zhang

The formulas for the entropy of ideal gases mixture and the entropy change in mixing of ideal gases on the basis of the third law of thermodynamics were obtained. It is shown that when using these formulas, the Gibbs paradox within the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-06-26 V. Ihnatovych
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