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Machine and reinforcement learning (RL) are increasingly being applied to plan and control the behavior of autonomous systems interacting with the physical world. Examples include self-driving vehicles, distributed sensor networks, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-24 Nikolai Matni , Alexandre Proutiere , Anders Rantzer , Stephen Tu

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents typically optimize their policies by performing expensive backward passes to update their network parameters. However, some agents can solve new tasks without updating any parameters by simply conditioning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Amir Moeini , Jiuqi Wang , Jacob Beck , Ethan Blaser , Shimon Whiteson , Rohan Chandra , Shangtong Zhang

Reinforcement learning is considered to be a strong AI paradigm which can be used to teach machines through interaction with the environment and learning from their mistakes. Despite its perceived utility, it has not yet been successfully…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-11 Ahmad El Sallab , Mohammed Abdou , Etienne Perot , Senthil Yogamani

Identifying uncertainty and taking mitigating actions is crucial for safe and trustworthy reinforcement learning agents, especially when deployed in high-risk environments. In this paper, risk sensitivity is promoted in a model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Stefan Radic Webster , Peter Flach

Learning a policy capable of moving an agent between any two states in the environment is important for many robotics problems involving navigation and manipulation. Due to the sparsity of rewards in such tasks, applying reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Artem Molchanov , Karol Hausman , Stan Birchfield , Gaurav Sukhatme

Model-based Reinforcement Learning approaches have the promise of being sample efficient. Much of the progress in learning dynamics models in RL has been made by learning models via supervised learning. But traditional model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Shagun Sodhani , Anirudh Goyal , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio , Sergey Levine , Jian Tang

Autonomous drifting is a complex and crucial maneuver for safety-critical scenarios like slippery roads and emergency collision avoidance, requiring precise motion planning and control. Traditional motion planning methods often struggle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Bei Zhou , Baha Zarrouki , Mattia Piccinini , Cheng Hu , Lei Xie , Johannes Betz

Deep reinforcement learning has recently made significant progress in solving computer games and robotic control tasks. A known problem, though, is that policies overfit to the training environment and may not avoid rare, catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Xinlei Pan , Daniel Seita , Yang Gao , John Canny

We examine the problem of adversarial reinforcement learning for multi-agent domains including a rule-based agent. Rule-based algorithms are required in safety-critical applications for them to work properly in a wide range of situations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Akifumi Wachi

Reinforcement learning algorithms typically necessitate extensive exploration of the state space to find optimal policies. However, in safety-critical applications, the risks associated with such exploration can lead to catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Kaustubh Mani , Vincent Mai , Charlie Gauthier , Annie Chen , Samer Nashed , Liam Paull

A key challenge in the field of reinforcement learning is to develop agents that behave cautiously in novel situations. It is generally impossible to anticipate all situations that an autonomous system may face or what behavior would best…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Montaser Mohammedalamen , Dustin Morrill , Alexander Sieusahai , Yash Satsangi , Michael Bowling

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been shown to be effective in many scenarios. However, it typically requires the exploration of a sufficiently large number of state-action pairs, some of which may be unsafe. Consequently, its application to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-24 Yousef Emam , Gennaro Notomista , Paul Glotfelter , Zsolt Kira , Magnus Egerstedt

In this work, we investigate the application of Reinforcement Learning to two well known decision dilemmas, namely Newcomb's Problem and Prisoner's Dilemma. These problems are exemplary for dilemmas that autonomous agents are faced with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Dominik Meyer , Johannes Feldmaier , Hao Shen

Reinforcement learners are agents that learn to pick actions that lead to high reward. Ideally, the value of a reinforcement learner's policy approaches optimality--where the optimal informed policy is the one which maximizes reward.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Michael K. Cohen , Elliot Catt , Marcus Hutter

Real-world digital environments are highly diverse and dynamic. These characteristics cause agents to frequently encounter unseen environments and distribution shifts, making continual learning in such environments essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tianci Xue , Zeyi Liao , Tianneng Shi , Zilu Wang , Kai Zhang , Dawn Song , Yu Su , Huan Sun

This paper presents a novel approach combining inductive logic programming with reinforcement learning to improve training performance and explainability. We exploit inductive learning of answer set programs from noisy examples to learn a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Celeste Veronese , Daniele Meli , Alessandro Farinelli

We describe a simple scheme that allows an agent to learn about its environment in an unsupervised manner. Our scheme pits two versions of the same agent, Alice and Bob, against one another. Alice proposes a task for Bob to complete; and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Zeming Lin , Ilya Kostrikov , Gabriel Synnaeve , Arthur Szlam , Rob Fergus

Data-driven learning-based control methods such as reinforcement learning (RL) have become increasingly popular with recent proliferation of the machine learning paradigm. These methods address the parameter sensitiveness and unmodeled…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-08 Yihao Wan , Qianwen Xu , Tomislav Dragičević

We show that when a third party, the adversary, steps into the two-party setting (agent and operator) of safely interruptible reinforcement learning, a trade-off has to be made between the probability of following the optimal policy in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Henrik Aslund , El Mahdi El Mhamdi , Rachid Guerraoui , Alexandre Maurer

Autonomous driving is a multi-agent setting where the host vehicle must apply sophisticated negotiation skills with other road users when overtaking, giving way, merging, taking left and right turns and while pushing ahead in unstructured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-12 Shai Shalev-Shwartz , Shaked Shammah , Amnon Shashua