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Automatic voice-controlled systems have changed the way humans interact with a computer. Voice or speech recognition systems allow a user to make a hands-free request to the computer, which in turn processes the request and serves the user…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Mandeep Singh Kandhari , Farhana Zulkernine , Haruna Isah

In this work, we propose a multi-target backdoor attack against speaker identification using position-independent clicking sounds as triggers. Unlike previous single-target approaches, our method targets up to 50 speakers simultaneously,…

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) has gained popularity due to advancements in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, untrusted third-party platforms have raised concerns about AI security, particularly in backdoor attacks. Recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Zhe Ye , Diqun Yan , Li Dong , Kailai Shen

Recent years have seen a surge in the popularity of acoustics-enabled personal devices powered by machine learning. Yet, machine learning has proven to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. A large number of modern systems protect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Shimaa Ahmed , Yash Wani , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Mohammad Yaghini , Ilia Shumailov , Nicolas Papernot , Kassem Fawaz

Smart speakers and voice-based virtual assistants are core components for the success of the IoT paradigm. Unfortunately, they are vulnerable to various privacy threats exploiting machine learning to analyze the generated encrypted traffic.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Andrea Ranieri , Davide Caputo , Luca Verderame , Alessio Merlo , Luca Caviglione

As a versatile AI application, voice assistants (VAs) have become increasingly popular, but are vulnerable to security threats. Attackers have proposed various inaudible attacks, but are limited by cost, distance, or LoS. Therefore, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chao Liu , Zhezheng Zhu , Hao Chen , Kaiwen Guo , Penghao Wang , Xiang-Yang Li

Everyday devices like light bulbs and kitchen appliances are now embedded with so many features and automated behaviors that they have become complicated to actually use. While such "smart" capabilities can better support users' goals, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Evan King , Haoxiang Yu , Sahil Vartak , Jenna Jacob , Sangsu Lee , Christine Julien

Advances in deep learning have introduced a new wave of voice synthesis tools, capable of producing audio that sounds as if spoken by a target speaker. If successful, such tools in the wrong hands will enable a range of powerful attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Emily Wenger , Max Bronckers , Christian Cianfarani , Jenna Cryan , Angela Sha , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

Automatic speech recognition systems have created exciting possibilities for applications, however they also enable opportunities for systematic eavesdropping. We propose a method to camouflage a person's voice over-the-air from these…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Mia Chiquier , Chengzhi Mao , Carl Vondrick

Acoustic Side-Channel Attacks (ASCAs) extract sensitive information by using audio emitted from a computing devices and their peripherals. Attacks targeting keyboards are popular and have been explored in the literature. However, similar…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Mauro Conti , Marin Duroyon , Gabriele Orazi , Gene Tsudik

Fake audio detection is expected to become an important research area in the field of smart speakers such as Google Home, Amazon Echo and chatbots developed for these platforms. This paper presents replay attack vulnerability of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Khalid Mahmood Malik , Hafiz Malik , Roland Baumann

The increasing prevalence of microphones in everyday devices and the growing reliance on online services have amplified the risk of acoustic side-channel attacks (ASCAs) targeting keyboards. This study explores deep learning techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jin Hyun Park , Seyyed Ali Ayati , Yichen Cai

An adversarial attack is an exploitative process in which minute alterations are made to natural inputs, causing the inputs to be misclassified by neural models. In the field of speech recognition, this has become an issue of increasing…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Krishan Rajaratnam , Kunal Shah , Jugal Kalita

Over the last few years, a rapidly increasing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems that adopt voice as the primary user input have emerged. These systems have been shown to be vulnerable to various types of voice spoofing attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Yuan Gong , Christian Poellabauer

New security and privacy concerns arise due to the growing popularity of voice assistant (VA) deployments in home and enterprise networks. A number of past research results have demonstrated how malicious actors can use hidden commands to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Zhengxian He , Mohit Narayan Rajput , Mustaque Ahamad

Jailbreak attacks to Large audio-language models (LALMs) are studied recently, but they exclusively focused on the attack scenario where the adversary can fully manipulate user prompts (named strong adversary) and limited in effectiveness,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guangke Chen , Fu Song , Zhe Zhao , Xiaojun Jia , Yang Liu , Yanchen Qiao , Weizhe Zhang , Weiping Tu , Yuhong Yang , Bo Du

Audio watermarking embeds auxiliary information into speech while maintaining speaker identity, linguistic content, and perceptual quality. Although recent advances in neural and digital signal processing-based watermarking methods have…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yigitcan Özer , Wanying Ge , Zhe Zhang , Xin Wang , Junichi Yamagishi

Voice Assistants (VAs) such as Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant rely on wake-word detection to respond to people's commands, which could potentially be vulnerable to audio adversarial examples. In this work, we target our attack on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Juncheng B. Li , Shuhui Qu , Xinjian Li , Joseph Szurley , J. Zico Kolter , Florian Metze

It is known that attackers can exfiltrate data from air-gapped computers through their speakers via sonic and ultrasonic waves. To eliminate the threat of such acoustic covert channels in sensitive systems, audio hardware can be disabled…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Mordechai Guri

We construct audio adversarial examples on automatic Speech-To-Text systems . Given any audio waveform, we produce an another by overlaying an audio vocal mask generated from the original audio. We apply our audio adversarial attack to five…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Kai Yuan Tay , Lynnette Ng , Wei Han Chua , Lucerne Loke , Danqi Ye , Melissa Chua