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We investigate how the final parameters found by stochastic gradient descent are influenced by over-parameterization. We generate families of models by increasing the number of channels in a base network, and then perform a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Daniel S. Park , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Quoc V. Le , Samuel L. Smith

The unprecedented growth of deep learning models has enabled remarkable advances but introduced substantial computational bottlenecks. A key factor contributing to training efficiency is batch-size and learning-rate scheduling in stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Hikaru Umeda , Hideaki Iiduka

In recent years, various notions of capacity and complexity have been proposed for characterizing the generalization properties of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in deep learning. Some of the popular notions that correlate well with the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Mert Gurbuzbalaban , Umut Şimşekli , Lingjiong Zhu

SGD is the widely adopted method to train CNN. Conceptually it approximates the population with a randomly sampled batch; then it evenly trains batches by conducting a gradient update on every batch in an epoch. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-29 Linnan Wang , Yi Yang , Martin Renqiang Min , Srimat Chakradhar

Although deep learning has produced dazzling successes for applications of image, speech, and video processing in the past few years, most trainings are with suboptimal hyper-parameters, requiring unnecessarily long training times. Setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Leslie N. Smith

Mini-batch stochastic gradient methods (SGD) are state of the art for distributed training of deep neural networks. Drastic increases in the mini-batch sizes have lead to key efficiency and scalability gains in recent years. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Tao Lin , Sebastian U. Stich , Kumar Kshitij Patel , Martin Jaggi

Machine learning models trained with \emph{stochastic} gradient descent (SGD) can generalize better than those trained with deterministic gradient descent (GD). In this work, we study SGD's impact on generalization through the lens of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hongjian Lan , Yucong Liu , Florian Schäfer

Increasing the batch size during training -- a ''batch ramp'' -- is a promising strategy to accelerate large language model pretraining. While for SGD, doubling the batch size can be equivalent to halving the learning rate, the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Alexandru Meterez , Depen Morwani , Jingfeng Wu , Costin-Andrei Oncescu , Cengiz Pehlevan , Sham Kakade

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its variants are almost universally used to train neural networks and to fit a variety of other parametric models. An important hyperparameter in this context is the batch size, which determines how…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-05 Stefan Perko

An important question in deep learning is how higher-order optimization methods affect generalization. In this work, we analyze a stochastic Gauss-Newton (SGN) method with Levenberg-Marquardt damping and mini-batch sampling for training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Semih Cayci

The early phase of training of deep neural networks is critical for their final performance. In this work, we study how the hyperparameters of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) used in the early phase of training affect the rest of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Stanislaw Jastrzebski , Maciej Szymczak , Stanislav Fort , Devansh Arpit , Jacek Tabor , Kyunghyun Cho , Krzysztof Geras

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a workhorse algorithm for solving large-scale optimization problems in data science and machine learning. Understanding the convergence of SGD is hence of fundamental importance. In this work we examine…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Lehan Chen , Yuji Nakatsukasa

Hessians of neural network (NN) contain essential information about the curvature of NN loss landscapes which can be used to estimate NN generalization capabilities. We have previously proposed generalization criteria that rely on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Nikita Gabdullin

We study the effect of mini-batching on the loss landscape of deep neural networks using spiked, field-dependent random matrix theory. We demonstrate that the magnitude of the extremal values of the batch Hessian are larger than those of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-08 Diego Granziol , Stefan Zohren , Stephen Roberts

Existing research shows that the batch size can seriously affect the performance of stochastic gradient descent~(SGD) based learning, including training speed and generalization ability. A larger batch size typically results in less…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-28 Shen-Yi Zhao , Yin-Peng Xie , Wu-Jun Li

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has proven to be remarkably effective in optimizing deep neural networks that employ ever-larger numbers of parameters. Yet, improving the efficiency of large-scale optimization remains a vital and highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Frithjof Gressmann , Zach Eaton-Rosen , Carlo Luschi

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods are prominent for training machine learning and deep learning models. The performance of these techniques depends on their hyperparameter tuning over time and varies for different models and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-22 Tomer Lancewicki , Selcuk Kopru

Deep learning networks are typically trained by Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods that iteratively improve the model parameters by estimating a gradient on a very small fraction of the training data. A major roadblock faced when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Tao Lin , Lingjing Kong , Sebastian U. Stich , Martin Jaggi

Adversarial training has shown its ability in producing models that are robust to perturbations on the input data, but usually at the expense of decrease in the standard accuracy. To mitigate this issue, it is commonly believed that more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Yifei Min , Lin Chen , Amin Karbasi

We investigate the inherent bias of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) toward learning low-rank weight matrices during the training of deep neural networks. Our results demonstrate that training with mini-batch SGD and weight decay induces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Tomer Galanti , Zachary S. Siegel , Aparna Gupte , Tomaso Poggio