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Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a complex task requiring large datasets and expensive training. Neural Module Networks (NMN) first translate the question to a reasoning path, then follow that path to analyze the image and provide an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Wafa Aissa , Marin Ferecatu , Michel Crucianu

DeepSeek-R1 has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in incentivizing reasoning and generalization capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through reinforcement learning. Nevertheless, the potential of reasoning-induced computation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Tianhe Wu , Jian Zou , Jie Liang , Lei Zhang , Kede Ma

Current Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems can answer intelligent questions about `Known' visual content. However, their performance drops significantly when questions about visually and linguistically `Unknown' concepts are presented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Moshiur R Farazi , Salman H Khan , Nick Barnes

The advancement in large language models (LLMs) and large vision models has fueled the rapid progress in multi-modal vision-language reasoning capabilities. However, existing vision-language models (VLMs) remain challenged by compositional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yichang Xu , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Sihao Hu , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

Humans learn to solve tasks of increasing complexity by building on top of previously acquired knowledge. Typically, there exists a natural progression in the tasks that we learn - most do not require completely independent solutions, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Seung Wook Kim , Makarand Tapaswi , Sanja Fidler

Neurosymbolic systems promise to combine deep neural network's (DNN) processing of raw sensor inputs with few-shot performance of symbolic artificial intelligence. Two-stage approaches explicitly decouple DNN based perception from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sparsh Tiwari , Bettina Finzel , Gesina Schwalbe

A user pointing their phone at a supermarket shelf and asking "Which soda has the least sugar?" poses a difficult challenge for current visual Al assistants. Such queries require not only object recognition, but explicit set-based reasoning…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zehua Cheng , Wei Dai , Wenhu Zhang , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Jiahao Sun

Answering open-ended questions is an essential capability for any intelligent agent. One of the most interesting recent open-ended question answering challenges is Visual Question Answering (VQA) which attempts to evaluate a system's visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Omid Bakhshandeh , Trung Bui , Zhe Lin , Walter Chang

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is fundamentally compositional in nature, and many questions are simply answered by decomposing them into modular sub-problems. The recent proposed Neural Module Network (NMN) employ this strategy to question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Yudong Han , Jianhua Yin , Jianlong Wu , Yinwei Wei , Liqiang Nie

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in perception and reasoning. However, the ability to perform causal inference -- a core aspect of human cognition -- remains underexplored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Keummin Ka , Junhyeong Park , Jaehyun Jeon , Youngjae Yu

Visual Question Answering (VQA) has been a popular task that combines vision and language, with numerous relevant implementations in literature. Even though there are some attempts that approach explainability and robustness issues in VQA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Theodoti Stoikou , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Stamou

Neural networks have achieved success in a wide array of perceptual tasks but often fail at tasks involving both perception and higher-level reasoning. On these more challenging tasks, bespoke approaches (such as modular symbolic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 David Ding , Felix Hill , Adam Santoro , Malcolm Reynolds , Matt Botvinick

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a core task for evaluating the capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Existing VQA benchmarks primarily feature clear and unambiguous image-question pairs, whereas real-world scenarios often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jihyoung Jang , Hyounghun Kim

Existing Visual Question Answering (VQA) models are often fragile and sensitive to input variations. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address this issue based on modular networks, which creates two questions related by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Spencer Whitehead , Hui Wu , Yi Ren Fung , Heng Ji , Rogerio Feris , Kate Saenko

Logical connectives and their implications on the meaning of a natural language sentence are a fundamental aspect of understanding. In this paper, we investigate whether visual question answering (VQA) systems trained to answer a question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Tejas Gokhale , Pratyay Banerjee , Chitta Baral , Yezhou Yang

Recent research advances in Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing have introduced novel tasks that are paving the way for solving AI-complete problems. One of those tasks is called Visual Question Answering (VQA). A VQA system…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Camila Kolling , Jônatas Wehrmann , Rodrigo C. Barros

Visual Question Answering (VQA) often involves diverse reasoning scenarios across Vision and Language (V&L). Most prior VQA studies, however, have merely focused on assessing the model's overall accuracy without evaluating it on different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jihyung Kil , Farideh Tavazoee , Dongyeop Kang , Joo-Kyung Kim

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in interpreting visual layouts and text. However, a significant challenge remains in their ability to interpret robustly and reason over multi-tabular data presented as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Anshul Singh , Chris Biemann , Jan Strich

Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) remains challenging for existing Vision-Language Models (VLMs), especially under complex reasoning and multi-step workflows. Current approaches struggle to decompose intricate questions into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Aymen Lassoued , Mohamed Ali Souibgui , Yousri Kessentini

Medical visual question answering (VQA) aims to answer clinically relevant questions regarding input medical images. This technique has the potential to improve the efficiency of medical professionals while relieving the burden on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Xinyue Hu , Lin Gu , Kazuma Kobayashi , Qiyuan An , Qingyu Chen , Zhiyong Lu , Chang Su , Tatsuya Harada , Yingying Zhu