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Malicious bots make up about a quarter of all traffic on the web, and degrade the performance of personalization and recommendation algorithms that operate on e-commerce sites. Positive-Unlabeled learning (PU learning) provides the ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Sunny Dhamnani , Ritwik Sinha , Vishwa Vinay , Lilly Kumari , Margarita Savova

In this study, we propose a method for identifying potential customers in targeted marketing by applying learning from positive and unlabeled data (PU learning). We consider a scenario in which a company sells a product and can observe only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Masahiro Kato , Yuki Ikeda , Kentaro Baba , Takashi Imai , Ryo Inokuchi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have yielded impressive performance on various tasks, yet they often depend on high-quality feedback that can be costly. Self-refinement methods attempt to leverage LLMs' internal evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hikaru Asano , Tadashi Kozuno , Yukino Baba

Tabular data is one of the most widely used data modalities, encompassing numerous datasets with substantial amounts of unlabeled data. Despite this prevalence, there is a notable lack of simple and versatile methods for utilizing unlabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Minwook Kim , Juseong Kim , Ki Beom Kim , Giltae Song

Positive--unlabeled (PU) learning considers two samples, a positive set P with observations from only one class and an unlabeled set U with observations from two classes. The goal is to classify observations in U. Class mixture proportion…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-13 Zhenfeng Lin , James P. Long

In this paper we revisit the idea of pseudo-labeling in the context of semi-supervised learning where a learning algorithm has access to a small set of labeled samples and a large set of unlabeled samples. Pseudo-labeling works by applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Paola Cascante-Bonilla , Fuwen Tan , Yanjun Qi , Vicente Ordonez

Feature selection is essential for efficient data mining and sometimes encounters the positive-unlabeled (PU) learning scenario, where only a few positive labels are available, while most data remains unlabeled. In certain real-world PU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Motonobu Uchikoshi , Youhei Akimoto

Positive unlabeled learning is a binary classification problem with positive and unlabeled data. It is common in domains where negative labels are costly or impossible to obtain, e.g., medicine and personalized advertising. Most approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Bojan Žunkovič

Existing algorithms aiming to learn a binary classifier from positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data generally require estimating the class prior or label noises ahead of building a classification model. However, the estimation and classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Tianyu Li , Chien-Chih Wang , Yukun Ma , Patricia Ortal , Qifang Zhao , Bjorn Stenger , Yu Hirate

A common approach in positive-unlabeled learning is to train a classification model between labeled and unlabeled data. This strategy is in fact known to give an optimal classifier under mild conditions; however, it results in biased…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-03 Shantanu Jain , Martha White , Predrag Radivojac

Self-training, a semi-supervised learning algorithm, leverages a large amount of unlabeled data to improve learning when the labeled data are limited. Despite empirical successes, its theoretical characterization remains elusive. To the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Shuai Zhang , Meng Wang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Jinjun Xiong

Modern privacy regulations have spurred the evolution of machine unlearning, a technique enabling a trained model to efficiently forget specific training data. In prior unlearning methods, the concept of "data forgetting" is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Yuyao Sun , Zheng Lin , Fei Gao , Yuhang Wang , Haichao Gao

Self-training is a classical approach in semi-supervised learning which is successfully applied to a variety of machine learning problems. Self-training algorithm generates pseudo-labels for the unlabeled examples and progressively refines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Samet Oymak , Talha Cihad Gulcu

When learning from positive and unlabelled data, it is a strong assumption that the positive observations are randomly sampled from the distribution of $X$ conditional on $Y = 1$, where X stands for the feature and Y the label. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Fengxiang He , Tongliang Liu , Geoffrey I Webb , Dacheng Tao

Unsupervised person re-identification (re-ID) aims at closing the performance gap to supervised methods. These methods build reliable relationship between data points while learning representations. However, we empirically show that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Xuanyu He , Wei Zhang , Ran Song , Qian Zhang , Xiangyuan Lan , Lin Ma

Recent success of large-scale pre-trained language models crucially hinge on fine-tuning them on large amounts of labeled data for the downstream task, that are typically expensive to acquire. In this work, we study self-training as one of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Subhabrata Mukherjee , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Planning for diverse real-world robotic tasks necessitates to know and write all constraints. However, instances exist where these constraints are either unknown or challenging to specify accurately. A possible solution is to infer the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Baiyu Peng , Aude Billard

Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning presents unique challenges due to the lack of explicitly labeled negative samples, particularly in high-stakes domains such as fraud detection and medical diagnosis. To address data scarcity and privacy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-17 Jialei Liu , Jun Liao , Kuangnan Fang

Node classification on graphs is an important research problem with many applications. Real-world graph data sets may not be balanced and accurate as assumed by most existing works. A challenging setting is positive-unlabeled (PU) node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Hansi Yang , Yongqi Zhang , Quanming Yao , James Kwok

With the increasing application of machine learning in high-stake decision-making problems, potential algorithmic bias towards people from certain social groups poses negative impacts on individuals and our society at large. In the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ziwei Wu , Jingrui He
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