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Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) is a popular evaluation metric for binary classifiers. In this paper, we discuss techniques to segment the AUC-ROC along human-interpretable dimensions. AUC-ROC is not an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Arya Tafvizi , Besim Avci , Mukund Sundararajan

The area under the ROC curve is widely used as a measure of performance of classification rules. However, it has recently been shown that the measure is fundamentally incoherent, in the sense that it treats the relative severities of…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-08-02 David J. Hand , Christoforos Anagnostopoulos

The Pearson-Matthews correlation coefficient (usually abbreviated MCC) is considered to be one of the most useful metrics for the performance of a binary classification or hypothesis testing method (for the sake of conciseness we will use…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-11 Petre Stoica , Prabhu Babu

Many performance metrics have been introduced for the evaluation of classification performance, with different origins and niches of application: accuracy, macro-accuracy, area under the ROC curve, the ROC convex hull, the absolute error,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-01-31 José Hernández-Orallo , Peter Flach , Cèsar Ferri

The ROC curve is widely used to assess binary classifiers. Yet for some applications, such as alert systems for monitoring hospitalized patients, conventional ROC analysis cannot meet two key deployment needs: enforcing a constraint on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Christopher Ratigan , Kyle Heuton , Carissa Wang , Lenore Cowen , Michael C. Hughes

Free-response observer performance studies are of great importance for accuracy evaluation and comparison in tasks related to the detection and localization of multiple targets or signals. The free-response receiver operating characteristic…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-25 Jiarui Sun , Kaiyuan Liu , Xiao-Hua Zhou

There are strong incentives to build models that demonstrate outstanding predictive performance on various datasets and benchmarks. We believe these incentives risk a narrow focus on models and on the performance metrics used to evaluate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 David Lovell , Dimity Miller , Jaiden Capra , Andrew Bradley

This work investigates into cost behaviors of binary classification measures in a background of class-imbalanced problems. Twelve performance measures are studied, such as F measure, G-means in terms of accuracy rates, and of recall and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-03-28 Bao-Gang Hu , Wei-Ming Dong

We present Fast Random projection-based One-Class Classification (FROCC), an extremely efficient method for one-class classification. Our method is based on a simple idea of transforming the training data by projecting it onto a set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Arindam Bhattacharya , Sumanth Varambally , Amitabha Bagchi , Srikanta Bedathur

Background: Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are widely used to evaluate the performance of Software Defect Prediction (SDP) models that estimate module fault-proneness, i.e., the probability that a module is faulty. A ROC…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Luigi Lavazza , Gabriele Rotoloni , Sandro Morasca

ROC curves and cost curves are two popular ways of visualising classifier performance, finding appropriate thresholds according to the operating condition, and deriving useful aggregated measures such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-08-01 José Hernández-Orallo , Peter Flach , Cèsar Ferri

Context: There is considerable diversity in the range and design of computational experiments to assess classifiers for software defect prediction. This is particularly so, regarding the choice of classifier performance metrics.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Jingxiu Yao , Martin Shepperd

The comparison of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves is frequently used in the literature to compare the discriminatory capability of different classification procedures based on diagnostic variables. The performance of these…

Relation classification models are conventionally evaluated using only a single measure, e.g., micro-F1, macro-F1 or AUC. In this work, we analyze weighting schemes, such as micro and macro, for imbalanced datasets. We introduce a framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 David Harbecke , Yuxuan Chen , Leonhard Hennig , Christoph Alt

In this paper, a multi-layer architecture (in a hierarchical fashion) by stacking various Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) based Auto-Encoder for one-class classification is proposed and is referred as MKOC. MKOC has many layers of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Chandan Gautam , Aruna Tiwari , Sundaram Suresh , Alexandros Iosifidis

When people evaluate the performance of a diagnostic test, it is important to control both True Positive Rate (TPR) and False Positive Rate (FPR). In the literature, most researchers propose the partial area under the ROC curve (pAUC) with…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-22 Hanfang Yang , Kun Lu , Xiang Lyu , Feifang Hu

The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is one of the most widely used performance measures for classification models in machine learning. However, it summarizes the true positive rates (TPRs) over all false positive rates (FPRs) in the ROC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Yao Yao , Qihang Lin , Tianbao Yang

Throughout science and technology, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and associated area under the curve (AUC) measures constitute powerful tools for assessing the predictive abilities of features, markers and tests in binary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-25 Tilmann Gneiting , Eva-Maria Walz

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are used ubiquitously to evaluate covariates, markers, or features as potential predictors in binary problems. We distinguish raw ROC diagnostics and ROC curves, elucidate the special role of…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-14 Tilmann Gneiting , Peter Vogel

This paper provides new insight into maximizing F1 scores in the context of binary classification and also in the context of multilabel classification. The harmonic mean of precision and recall, F1 score is widely used to measure the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-15 Zachary Chase Lipton , Charles Elkan , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy