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We study the complexity of graph problems on graphs defined on groups, especially power graphs. We observe that an isomorphism invariant problem, such as Hamiltonian Path, Partition into Cliques, Feedback Vertex Set, Subgraph Isomorphism,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Bireswar Das , Dipan Dey , Jinia Ghosh

For $n\geq 3$, let $(H_n, E)$ denote the $n$-th Henson graph, i.e., the unique countable homogeneous graph with exactly those finite graphs as induced subgraphs that do not embed the complete graph on $n$ vertices. We show that for all…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Manuel Bodirsky , Barnaby Martin , Michael Pinsker , András Pongrácz

The neighborhood complex of a graph was introduced by Lov\'asz to provide topological lower bounds on chromatic number. More general homomorphism complexes of graphs were further studied by Babson and Kozlov. Such `Hom complexes' are also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Anton Dochtermann , Anurag Singh

In 1992 Bir\'{o}, Hujter and Tuza introduced, for every fixed connected graph $H$, the class of $H$-graphs, defined as the intersection graphs of connected subgraphs of some subdivision of $H$. Recently, quite a lot of research has been…

A tropical graph $(H,c)$ consists of a graph $H$ and a (not necessarily proper) vertex-colouring $c$ of $H$. Given two tropical graphs $(G,c_1)$ and $(H,c)$, a homomorphism of $(G,c_1)$ to $(H,c)$ is a standard graph homomorphism of $G$ to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Florent Foucaud , Ararat Harutyunyan , Pavol Hell , Sylvain Legay , Yannis Manoussakis , Reza Naserasr

We prove new parameterized complexity results for the FO Model Checking problem on a well-known generalization of interval and circular-arc graphs: the class of $H$-graphs, for any fixed multigraph $H$. In particular, we research how the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Flavia Bonomo-Braberman , Nick Brettell , Noleen Köhler , Andrea Munaro , Daniël Paulusma

We consider the classical problems (Edge) Steiner Tree and Vertex Steiner Tree after restricting the input to some class of graphs characterized by a small set of forbidden induced subgraphs. We show a dichotomy for the former problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Hans Bodlaender , Nick Brettell , Matthew Johnson , Giacomo Paesani , Daniel Paulusma , Erik Jan van Leeuwen

The Dichotomy Conjecture for constraint satisfaction problems has been verified for conservative problems (or, equivalently, for list homomorphism problems) by Andrei Bulatov. An earlier case of this dichotomy, for list homomorphisms to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-04-21 Pavol Hell , Arash Rafiey

The List-3-Coloring Problem is to decide, given a graph $G$ and a list $L(v)\subseteq \{1,2,3\}$ of colors assigned to each vertex $v$ of $G$, whether $G$ admits a proper coloring $\phi$ with $\phi(v)\in L(v)$ for every vertex $v$ of $G$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Sepehr Hajebi , Yanjia Li , Sophie Spirkl

Given a pair of graphs $\textbf{A}$ and $\textbf{B}$, the problems of deciding whether there exists either a homomorphism or an isomorphism from $\textbf{A}$ to $\textbf{B}$ have received a lot of attention. While graph homomorphism is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Silvia Butti , Victor Dalmau

We revisit the algorithmic problem of reconstructing a graph from homomorphism counts that has first been studied in (B\"oker et al., STACS 2024): given graphs $F_1,\ldots,F_k$ and counts $m_1,\ldots,m_k$, decide if there is a graph $G$…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Timo Gervens , Martin Grohe , Louis Härtel , Philipp da Silva Fonseca

The notion of graph covers (also referred to as locally bijective homomorphisms) plays an important role in topological graph theory and has found its computer science applications in models of local computation. For a fixed target graph…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jan Bok , Jiří Fiala , Nikola Jedličková , Jan Kratochvíl , Micheala Seifrtová

For any finite set $\mathcal{H} = \{H_1,\ldots,H_p\}$ of graphs, a graph is $\mathcal{H}$-subgraph-free if it does not contain any of $H_1,\ldots,H_p$ as a subgraph. In recent work, meta-classifications have been studied: these show that if…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Matthew Johnson , Barnaby Martin , Sukanya Pandey , Daniël Paulusma , Siani Smith , Erik Jan van Leeuwen

Treewidth is a graph parameter that plays a fundamental role in several structural and algorithmic results. We study the problem of decomposing a given graph $G$ into node-disjoint subgraphs, where each subgraph has sufficiently large…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-08 Chandra Chekuri , Julia Chuzhoy

Given a graph $G = (V,E)$, a threshold function $t~ :~ V \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ and an integer $k$, we study the Harmless Set problem, where the goal is to find a subset of vertices $S \subseteq V$ of size at least $k$ such that every…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Ajinkya Gaikwad , Soumen Maity

We introduce (weak) oddomorphisms of graphs which are homomorphisms with additional constraints based on parity. These maps turn out to have interesting properties (e.g., they preserve planarity), particularly in relation to homomorphism…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-22 David E. Roberson

For digraphs $G$ and $H$, a homomorphism of $G$ to $H$ is a mapping $f:\ V(G)\dom V(H)$ such that $uv\in A(G)$ implies $f(u)f(v)\in A(H)$. If, moreover, each vertex $u \in V(G)$ is associated with costs $c_i(u), i \in V(H)$, then the cost…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-12-06 A. Gupta , G. Gutin , M. Karimi , E. J. Kim , A. Rafiey

Given a bipartite graph $G=(U\cup V,E)$, a left-perfect many-to-one matching is a subset $M \subseteq E$ such that each vertex in $U$ is incident with exactly one edge in $M$. If $U$ is partitioned into some groups, the matching is called…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Ramin Javadi , Hossein Shokouhi

Given a graph G and an integer k, the objective of the $\Pi$-Contraction problem is to check whether there exists at most k edges in G such that contracting them in G results in a graph satisfying the property $\Pi$. We investigate the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Dipayan Chakraborty , R. B. Sandeep

Homomorphically full graphs are those for which every homomorphic image is isomorphic to a subgraph. We extend the definition of homomorphically full to oriented graphs in two different ways. For the first of these, we show that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Thomas Bellitto , Christopher Duffy , Gary MacGillivray