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Numerous machine learning classifiers have been proposed for binary classification of domain names as either benign or malicious, and even for multiclass classification to identify the domain generation algorithm (DGA) that generated a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Arthur Drichel , Ulrike Meyer , Samuel Schüppen , Dominik Teubert

New malware emerges at a rapid pace and often incorporates Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to avoid blocking the malware's connection to the command and control (C2) server. Current state-of-the-art classifiers are able to separate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Arthur Drichel , Justus von Brandt , Ulrike Meyer

Numerous malware families rely on domain generation algorithms (DGAs) to establish a connection to their command and control (C2) server. Counteracting DGAs, several machine learning classifiers have been proposed enabling the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Arthur Drichel , Nils Faerber , Ulrike Meyer

In this work, we conduct a comprehensive study on the robustness of domain generation algorithm (DGA) classifiers. We implement 32 white-box attacks, 19 of which are very effective and induce a false-negative rate (FNR) of $\approx$ 100\%…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Arthur Drichel , Marc Meyer , Ulrike Meyer

Malware applications typically use a command and control (C&C) server to manage bots to perform malicious activities. Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) are popular methods for generating pseudo-random domain names that can be used to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Raaghavi Sivaguru , Jonathan Peck , Femi Olumofin , Anderson Nascimento , Martine De Cock

Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) are frequently used to generate numerous domains for use by botnets. These domains are often utilized as rendezvous points for servers that malware has command and control over. There are many algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Isaac Corley , Jonathan Lwowski , Justin Hoffman

Modern malware typically makes use of a domain generation algorithm (DGA) to avoid command and control domains or IPs being seized or sinkholed. This means that an infected system may attempt to access many domains in an attempt to contact…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Ryan R. Curtin , Andrew B. Gardner , Slawomir Grzonkowski , Alexey Kleymenov , Alejandro Mosquera

While deep neural networks demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on a variety of learning tasks, their performance relies on the assumption that train and test distributions are the same, which may not hold in real-world applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Wenyu Zhang , Mohamed Ragab , Ramon Sagarna

Many malware families utilize domain generation algorithms (DGAs) to establish command and control (C&C) connections. While there are many methods to pseudorandomly generate domains, we focus in this paper on detecting (and generating)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-04 Hyrum S. Anderson , Jonathan Woodbridge , Bobby Filar

Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) are used by adversaries to establish Command and Control (C\&C) server communications during cyber attacks. Blacklists of known/identified C\&C domains are often used as one of the defense mechanisms.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Ibrahim Yilmaz , Ambareen Siraj , Denis Ulybyshev

Domain generation algorithms (DGAs) are frequently employed by malware to generate domains used for connecting to command-and-control (C2) servers. Recent work in DGA detection leveraged deep learning architectures like convolutional neural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Joewie J. Koh , Barton Rhodes

We address the problem of abnormal event detection from trajectory data. In this paper, a new adversarial approach is proposed for building a deep neural network binary classifier, trained in an unsupervised fashion, that can distinguish…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Pankaj Raj Roy , Guillaume-Alexandre Bilodeau

There is a rising interest in studying the robustness of deep neural network classifiers against adversaries, with both advanced attack and defence techniques being actively developed. However, most recent work focuses on discriminative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Yingzhen Li , John Bradshaw , Yash Sharma

Deep neural networks (DNN) are increasingly being used to perform algorithm-selection in combinatorial optimisation domains, particularly as they accommodate input representations which avoid designing and calculating features. Mounting…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Emma Hart , Quentin Renau , Kevin Sim , Mohamad Alissa

Domain generalization (DG) aims to incorporate knowledge from multiple source domains into a single model that could generalize well on unseen target domains. This problem is ubiquitous in practice since the distributions of the target data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-26 Shoubo Hu , Kun Zhang , Zhitang Chen , Laiwan Chan

In this note, we point out a basic link between generative adversarial (GA) training and binary classification -- any powerful discriminator essentially computes an (f-)divergence between real and generated samples. The result, repeatedly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-06 Akshay Balsubramani

Deep Neural networks have gained lots of attention in recent years thanks to the breakthroughs obtained in the field of Computer Vision. However, despite their popularity, it has been shown that they provide limited robustness in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Marco Maggipinto , Matteo Terzi , Gian Antonio Susto

Recent progress in research on Deep Graph Networks (DGNs) has led to a maturation of the domain of learning on graphs. Despite the growth of this research field, there are still important challenges that are yet unsolved. Specifically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Alessio Gravina , Davide Bacciu

Domain generation algorithms (DGAs) are commonly leveraged by malware to create lists of domain names which can be used for command and control (C&C) purposes. Approaches based on machine learning have recently been developed to…

Domain Generalization (DG) is a fundamental challenge for machine learning models, which aims to improve model generalization on various domains. Previous methods focus on generating domain invariant features from various source domains.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Daoan Zhang , Mingkai Chen , Chenming Li , Lingyun Huang , Jianguo Zhang
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