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Real-world deployment often exposes models to distribution shifts, making test-time adaptation (TTA) critical for robustness. Yet most TTA methods are unfriendly to edge deployment, as they rely on backpropagation, activation buffering, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xinyu Luo , Jie Liu , Kecheng Chen , Junyi Yang , Bo Ding , Arindam Basu , Haoliang Li

Unseen data conditions can inflict serious performance degradation on systems relying on supervised machine learning algorithms. Because data can often be unseen, and because traditional machine learning algorithms are trained in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Vikramjit Mitra , Horacio Franco

Entropy minimization has been widely used in unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA). However, existing works reveal that entropy minimization only may result into collapsed trivial solutions. In this paper, we propose to avoid trivial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Xiaofu Wu , Suofei hang , Quan Zhou , Zhen Yang , Chunming Zhao , Longin Jan Latecki

Often, constraints arise in deployment settings where even lightweight parameter updates e.g. parameter-efficient fine-tuning could induce model shift or tuning instability. We study test-time adaptation of foundation models for few-shot…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-04 Tahir Qasim Syed , Behraj Khan

Test-time adaptation is a promising research direction that allows the source model to adapt itself to changes in data distribution without any supervision. Yet, current methods are usually evaluated on benchmarks that are only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Damian Sójka , Sebastian Cygert , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Tomasz Trzciński

Prior to deployment, an object detector is trained on a dataset compiled from a previous data collection campaign. However, the environment in which the object detector is deployed will invariably evolve, particularly in outdoor settings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Anh-Dzung Doan , Bach Long Nguyen , Terry Lim , Madhuka Jayawardhana , Surabhi Gupta , Christophe Guettier , Ian Reid , Markus Wagner , Tat-Jun Chin

Test-time training (TTT) methods explicitly update the weights of a model to adapt to the specific test instance, and they have found success in a variety of settings, including most recently language modeling and reasoning. To demystify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Halil Alperen Gozeten , M. Emrullah Ildiz , Xuechen Zhang , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Marco Mondelli , Samet Oymak

Web image datasets curated online inherently contain ambiguous in-distribution (ID) instances and out-of-distribution (OOD) instances, which we collectively call non-conforming (NC) instances. In many recent approaches for mitigating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Xia Huang , Kai Fong Ernest Chong

Domain adaptation helps generalizing object detection models to target domain data with distribution shift. It is often achieved by adapting with access to the whole target domain data. In a more realistic scenario, target distribution is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Yijin Chen , Xun Xu , Yongyi Su , Kui Jia

Pre-trained vision-language models such as contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) have demonstrated a remarkable generalizability, which has enabled a wide range of applications represented by zero-shot classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kazuki Adachi , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Tomoki Hamagami

State estimation for discrete-time linear systems with quantized measurements is addressed. By exploiting the set-theoretic nature of the information provided by the quantizer, the problem is cast in the set membership estimation setting.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-05 Marco Casini , Andrea Garulli , Antonio Vicino

Adapting a trained model to perform satisfactorily on continually changing testing domains/environments is an important and challenging task. In this work, we propose a novel framework, SATA, which aims to satisfy the following…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Goirik Chakrabarty , Manogna Sreenivas , Soma Biswas

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) adapts pre-trained models using only unlabeled test streams, requiring real-time inference and update without access to source data. We propose StructuralTest-time Alignment of Gradients (STAG), a lightweight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Juhyeon Shin , Yujin Oh , Jonghyun Lee , Saehyung Lee , Minjun Park , Dongjun Lee , Uiwon Hwang , Sungroh Yoon

Domain shift is a prominent problem in Deep Learning, causing a model pre-trained on a source dataset to suffer significant performance degradation on test datasets. This research aims to address the issue of audio classification under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Weichuang Shao , Iman Yi Liao , Tomas Henrique Bode Maul , Tissa Chandesa

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP show strong zero-shot performance but struggle with generalization under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting VLMs to unlabeled test data in new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Aijun An , Ali cheraghian

While deep neural networks can attain good accuracy on in-distribution test points, many applications require robustness even in the face of unexpected perturbations in the input, changes in the domain, or other sources of distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Marvin Zhang , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

We propose a novel regularizer for supervised learning called Conditioning on Noisy Targets (CNT). This approach consists in conditioning the model on a noisy version of the target(s) (e.g., actions in imitation learning or labels in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau , Alex Lamb , Vikas Verma , Aniket Didolkar

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are increasingly deployed across diverse real-world settings, where they must operate under data distributions that differ from those seen during training. This challenge is central to Domain Generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jean Erik Delanois , Shruti Joshi , Ryan Golden , Teresa Nick , Maxim Bazhenov

In this paper, we investigate the generalization problem of person re-identification (re-id), whose major challenge is the distribution shift on an unseen domain. As an important tool of regularizing the distribution, batch normalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Ke Han , Chenyang Si , Yan Huang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

The principle of maximum entropy is a broadly applicable technique for computing a distribution with the least amount of information possible constrained to match empirical data, for instance, feature expectations. We seek to generalize…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Kenneth Bogert