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We use Renewal Theory for the estimation and interpretation of the flare rate from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) soft X-ray flare catalogue. It is found, that in addition to the flare rate variability with the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-20 Andrei Gorobets , Mauro Messerotti

Solar flares are the most explosive phenomena in the solar system and the main trigger of the events' chain that starts from Coronal Mass Ejections and leads to geomagnetic storms with possible impacts on the infrastructures at Earth.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-03 Chiara Curletto , Paolo Massa , Valeria Tagliafico , Cristina Campi , Federico Benvenuto , Michele Piana , Andrea Tacchino

The physics of solar flares occurring on the Sun is highly complex and far from fully understood. However, observations show that solar eruptions are associated with the intense kilogauss fields of active regions, where free energies are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-26 Bach Viet Do , Yang Chen , XuanLong Nguyen , Ward Manchester

Machine learning is nowadays the methodology of choice for flare forecasting and supervised techniques, in both their traditional and deep versions, are becoming the most frequently used ones for prediction in this area of space weather.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 Federico Benvenuto , Cristina Campi , Anna Maria Massone , Michele Piana

Solar flares are defined as outbursts on the surface of the Sun. They occur when energy accumulated in magnetic fields enclosing solar active regions (ARs) is abruptly expelled. Solar flares and associated coronal mass ejections are sources…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-24 Huseyin Cavus , Jason T. L. Wang , Teja P. S. Singampalli , Gani Caglar Coban , Hongyang Zhang , Abd-ur Raheem , Haimin Wang

Stellar flare events are critical observational samples for astronomical research; however, recorded flare events remain limited. Stellar flare forecasting can provide additional flare event samples to support research efforts. Despite this…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-23 Bingke Zhu , Xiaoxiao Wang , Minghui Jia , Yihan Tao , Xiao Kong , Ali Luo , Yingying Chen , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

One essential component of operational space weather forecasting is the prediction of solar flares. With a multitude of flare forecasting methods now available online it is still unclear which of these methods performs best, and none are…

Space Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 Jordan A. Guerra , Sophie A. Murray , D. Shaun Bloomfield , Peter T. Gallagher

High energy solar flares and coronal mass ejections have the potential to destroy Earth's ground and satellite infrastructures, causing trillions of dollars in damage and mass human suffering. Destruction of these critical systems would…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Erik Larsen

Disturbances in space weather can negatively affect several fields, including aviation and aerospace, satellites, oil and gas industries, and electrical systems, leading to economic and commercial losses. Solar flares are the most…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-07 T. Cinto , A. L. S. Gradvohl , G. P. Coelho , A. E. A. da Silva

Solar flares create adverse space weather impacting space and Earth-based technologies. However, the difficulty of forecasting flares, and by extension severe space weather, is accentuated by the lack of any unique flare trigger or a single…

The precise physical process that triggers solar flares is not currently understood. Here we attempt to capture the signature of this mechanism in solar image data of various wavelengths and use these signatures to predict flaring activity.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-14 Eric Jonas , Monica G. Bobra , Vaishaal Shankar , J. Todd Hoeksema , Benjamin Recht

Recently, there has been growing interest in the use of machine-learning methods for predicting solar flares. Initial efforts along these lines employed comparatively simple models, correlating features extracted from observations of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-21 Varad Deshmukh , Srinivas Baskar , Elizabeth Bradley , Thomas Berger , James D. Meiss

Solar flare forecasting research using machine learning (ML) has focused on high resolution magnetogram data from the SDO/HMI era covering Solar Cycle 24 and the start of Solar Cycle 25, with some efforts looking back to SOHO/MDI for data…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-30 Kiera van der Sande , Andrés Muñoz-Jaramillo , Subhamoy Chatterjee

On the basis of the 30-year ago ground-based photometry and the recent Kepler space experiment there have been considered frequencies of occurrence and energetics of the solar-type stellar flares. It was concluded that frequencies of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-04 R. E. Gershberg

In this paper, we consider incorporating data associated with the sun's north and south polar field strengths to improve solar flare prediction performance using machine learning models. When used to supplement local data from active…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-06 Mehmet Aktukmak , Zeyu Sun , Monica Bobra , Tamas Gombosi , Ward B. Manchester , Yang Chen , Alfred Hero

Gravitational lensing of invisible streaming matter towards the Sun could be the explanation of the puzzling solar flares and the unexplained solar emission in the EUV. Assuming that this invisible matter has some form of interaction with…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-09 Sergio Bertolucci , Konstantin Zioutas , Sebastian Hofmann , Marios Maroudas

The prediction of solar flares, eruptions, and high energy particle storms is of great societal importance. The data mining approach to forecasting has been shown to be very promising. Benchmark datasets are a key element in the further…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-22 Petrus C. Martens , Rafal A. Angryk

How has the solar wind evolved to reach what it is today? In this review, I discuss the long-term evolution of the solar wind, including the evolution of observed properties that are intimately linked to the solar wind: rotation, magnetism…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-30 A. A. Vidotto

Intermittent magnetohydrodynamical turbulence is most likely at work in the magnetized solar atmosphere. As a result, an array of scaling and multi-scaling image-processing techniques can be used to measure the expected self-organization of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Manolis K. Georgoulis

Solar flares are among the most powerful and dynamic events in the solar system, resulting from the sudden release of magnetic energy stored in the Sun's atmosphere. These energetic bursts of electromagnetic radiation can release up to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Julia Bringewald