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With the rapid advancement and strong generalization capabilities of large language models (LLMs), they have been increasingly incorporated into the active learning pipelines as annotators to reduce annotation costs. However, considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yuanyuan Qi , Xiaohao Yang , Jueqing Lu , Guoxiang Guo , Joanne Enticott , Gang Liu , Lan Du

Controllable text simplification is a crucial assistive technique for language learning and teaching. One of the primary factors hindering its advancement is the lack of a corpus annotated with sentence difficulty levels based on language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Yuki Arase , Satoru Uchida , Tomoyuki Kajiwara

The Parallel Meaning Bank is a corpus of translations annotated with shared, formal meaning representations comprising over 11 million words divided over four languages (English, German, Italian, and Dutch). Our approach is based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-15 Lasha Abzianidze , Johannes Bjerva , Kilian Evang , Hessel Haagsma , Rik van Noord , Pierre Ludmann , Duc-Duy Nguyen , Johan Bos

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to make sense of ambiguous, open-textured, value-laden terms. Platforms routinely rely on LLMs for content moderation, asking them to label text based on disputed concepts like "hate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shira Gur-Arieh , Angelina Wang , Sina Fazelpour

The purpose of the paper is to propose models to reduce the semantic complexity in heterogeneous DLs. The aim is to introduce value-added services (treatment of term vagueness and document re-ranking) that gain a certain quality in DLs if…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Philipp Mayr , Peter Mutschke , Vivien Petras

Text simplification plays a crucial role in improving the accessibility and comprehensibility of written information for diverse audiences, including language learners and readers with limited literacy. Despite its importance, large-scale,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kenji Hilasaca , Nouran Khallaf , Serge Sharoff

We present a system that allows life-science researchers to search a linguistically annotated corpus of scientific texts using patterns over dependency graphs, as well as using patterns over token sequences and a powerful variant of boolean…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Hillel Taub-Tabib , Micah Shlain , Shoval Sadde , Dan Lahav , Matan Eyal , Yaara Cohen , Yoav Goldberg

The field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is growing rapidly, with new research published daily along with an abundance of tutorials, codebases and other online resources. In order to learn this dynamic field or stay up-to-date on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Alexander R. Fabbri , Irene Li , Prawat Trairatvorakul , Yijiao He , Wei Tai Ting , Robert Tung , Caitlin Westerfield , Dragomir R. Radev

In this paper we provide a quantitative framework for the study of phonological networks (PNs) for the English language by carrying out principled comparisons to null models, either based on site percolation, randomization techniques, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-11 Massimo Stella , Markus Brede

Existing long-document question answering systems typically process texts as flat sequences or use heuristic chunking, which overlook the discourse structures that naturally guide human comprehension. We present a discourse-aware…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Huiyao Chen , Yi Yang , Yinghui Li , Meishan Zhang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

The NLP community has mainly focused on scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) vertically, i.e., making them better for about 100 languages. We instead scale LLMs horizontally: we create, through continued pretraining, Glot500-m, an LLM that…

This paper introduces the Balanced Arabic Readability Evaluation Corpus (BAREC), a large-scale, fine-grained dataset for Arabic readability assessment. BAREC consists of 69,441 sentences spanning 1+ million words, carefully curated to cover…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Khalid N. Elmadani , Nizar Habash , Hanada Taha-Thomure

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into education offers significant potential to enhance accessibility and engagement, yet their high computational demands limit usability in low-resource settings, exacerbating educational…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Juan Segundo Hevia , Facundo Arredondo , Vishesh Kumar

There is currently a gap between the natural language expression of scholarly publications and their structured semantic content modeling to enable intelligent content search. With the volume of research growing exponentially every year, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Jennifer D'Souza , Sören Auer , Ted Pedersen

We describe a recently developed corpus annotation scheme for evaluating parsers that avoids shortcomings of current methods. The scheme encodes grammatical relations between heads and dependents, and has been used to mark up a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 John Carroll , Guido Minnen , Ted Briscoe

Multilinguality is a core capability for modern foundation models, yet training high-quality multilingual models remains challenging due to uneven data availability across languages. A further challenge is the performance interference that…

This paper describes a web-based corpus of global language use with a focus on how this corpus can be used for data-driven language mapping. First, the corpus provides a representation of where national varieties of major languages are used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Jonathan Dunn

Annotation inconsistencies between data sets can cause problems for low-resource NLP, where noisy or inconsistent data cannot be as easily replaced compared with resource-rich languages. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Andrew Zupon , Andrew Carnie , Michael Hammond , Mihai Surdeanu

Acronym extraction is the task of identifying acronyms and their expanded forms in texts that is necessary for various NLP applications. Despite major progress for this task in recent years, one limitation of existing AE research is that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Amir Pouran Ben Veyseh , Nicole Meister , Seunghyun Yoon , Rajiv Jain , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

This report presents the annotation guideline for LST20, a large-scale corpus with multiple layers of linguistic annotation for Thai language processing. Our guideline consists of five layers of linguistic annotation: word segmentation, POS…