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We investigate the number of permutations that occur in random labellings of trees. This is a generalisation of the number of subpermutations occurring in a random permutation. It also generalises some recent results on the number of…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Michael Albert , Cecilia Holmgren , Tony Johansson , Fiona Skerman

We study the scaling limit of random forest with prescribed degree sequence in the regime that the largest tree consists of all but a vanishing fraction of nodes. We give a description of the limit of the forest consisting of the small…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Tao Lei

In the study of extensions of polytopes of combinatorial optimization problems, a notorious open question is that for the size of the smallest extended formulation of the Minimum Spanning Tree problem on a complete graph with $n$ nodes. The…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Kaveh Khoshkhah , Dirk Oliver Theis

A fringe subtree of a rooted tree is a subtree induced by one of the vertices and all its descendants. We consider the problem of estimating the number of distinct fringe subtrees in two types of random trees: simply generated trees and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Stephan Wagner

In SODA'99, Chan introduced a simple type of planar straight-line upward order-preserving drawings of binary trees, known as LR drawings: such a drawing is obtained by picking a root-to-leaf path, drawing the path as a straight line, and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Timothy M. Chan , Zhengcheng Huang

Rotation distances measure the differences in structure between rooted ordered binary trees. The one-dimensional skeleta of associahedra are rotation graphs, where two vertices representing trees are connected by an edge if they differ by a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Sean Cleary , Haris Nadeem

We prove that a uniform, rooted unordered binary tree with $n$ vertices has the Brownian continuum random tree as its scaling limit for the Gromov-Hausdorff topology. The limit is thus, up to a constant factor, the same as that of uniform…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-02-27 Jean-François Marckert , Grégory Miermont

It follows from a classical result of Jordan that every tree with maximum degree at most $r$ containing a vertex set labeled by $[n]$, has a single-edge cut which separates two subsets $A,B \subset [n]$ for which $\min\{|A|,|B|\} \ge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Sagi Snir , Raphael Yuster

Consider a rooted binary tree with n nodes. Assign with the root the abscissa 0, and with the left (resp. right) child of a node of abscissa i the abscissa i-1 (resp. i+1). We prove that the number of binary trees of size n having exactly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-11 Mireille Bousquet-Mélou , Guillaume Chapuy

This paper presents two new deterministic algorithms for constructing consensus trees. Given an input of k phylogenetic trees with identical leaf label sets and n leaves each, the first algorithm constructs the majority rule (+) consensus…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-08-07 Jesper Jansson , Chuanqi Shen , Wing-Kin Sung

Codes over trees were introduced recently to bridge graph theory and coding theory with diverse applications in computer science and beyond. A central challenge lies in determining the maximum number of labelled trees over $n$ nodes with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-10 Yanzhi Li , Wenjie Zhong , Tingting Chen , Xiande Zhang

We consider the randomized decision tree complexity of the recursive 3-majority function. We prove a lower bound of $(1/2-\delta) \cdot 2.57143^h$ for the two-sided-error randomized decision tree complexity of evaluating height $h$ formulae…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-01 Frederic Magniez , Ashwin Nayak , Miklos Santha , Jonah Sherman , Gabor Tardos , David Xiao

The Maximum Agreement Forest (Maf) problem is a well-studied problem in evolutionary biology, which asks for a largest common subforest of a given collection of phylogenetic trees with identical leaf label-set. However, the previous work…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-11-04 Feng Shi , Jianer Chen , Qilong Feng , Xiaojun Ding , Jianxin Wang

A widely used method for determining the similarity of two labeled trees is to compute a maximum agreement subtree of the two trees. Previous work on this similarity measure is only concerned with the comparison of labeled trees of two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ming-Yang Kao , Tak-Wah Lam , Wing-Kin Sung , Hing-Fung Ting

We study the local limit of the fixed-point forest, a tree structure associated to a simple sorting algorithm on permutations. This local limit can be viewed as an infinite random tree that can be constructed from a Poisson point process…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Samuel Regan , Erik Slivken

We study the extreme local structure of plane binary trees through the distribution of leaves at maximum depth. We first address two basic questions: (i) the asymptotic probability that exactly two leaves occur at the deepest level, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Olivier Bodini , Antoine Genitrini , Khaydar Nurligareev

This paper introduces a new combinatorial framework for modeling the growth of binary trees through a discrete evolution process that incorporates a growing rule and an extinction rule. Building upon the theory of increasingly labeled…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Olivier Bodini , Antoine Genitrini , Khaydar Nurligareev

We study the edge overlap and local limit of the random spanning tree in random environment (RSTRE) on the complete graph with $n$ vertices and weights given by $\exp(-\beta \omega_e)$ for $\omega_e$ uniformly distributed on $[0,1]$. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Luca Makowiec

We present new and improved fixed-parameter algorithms for computing maximum agreement forests (MAFs) of pairs of rooted binary phylogenetic trees. The size of such a forest for two trees corresponds to their subtree prune-and-regraft…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-03-19 Chris Whidden , Robert G. Beiko , Norbert Zeh

The information rate for an access structure is the reciprocal of the load of the optimal secret sharing scheme for this structure. We determine this value for all trees: it is 1/(2-1/c), where c is the size of the largest core of the tree.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-02-20 L. Csirmaz , G. Tardos