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Exploration in environments with sparse feedback remains a challenging research problem in reinforcement learning (RL). When the RL agent explores the environment randomly, it results in low exploration efficiency, especially in robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Boyao Li , Tao Lu , Jiayi Li , Ning Lu , Yinghao Cai , Shuo Wang

Deep Reinforcement Learning has enabled the learning of policies for complex tasks in partially observable environments, without explicitly learning the underlying model of the tasks. While such model-free methods achieve considerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Tanmay Shankar , Santosha K. Dwivedy , Prithwijit Guha

Reinforcement Learning algorithms can learn complex behavioral patterns for sequential decision making tasks wherein an agent interacts with an environment and acquires feedback in the form of rewards sampled from it. Traditionally, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Sahil Sharma , Aravind Srinivas , Balaraman Ravindran

Open-ended learning benefits immensely from the use of symbolic methods for goal representation as they offer ways to structure knowledge for efficient and transferable learning. However, the existing Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Mehdi Zadem , Sergio Mover , Sao Mai Nguyen

Fine-tuning foundation models via reinforcement learning (RL) has proven promising for aligning to downstream objectives. In the case of diffusion models (DMs), though RL training improves alignment from early timesteps, critical issues…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-14 Roberto Barceló , Cristóbal Alcázar , Felipe Tobar

Reinforcement learning (RL) in non-stationary environments is challenging, as changing dynamics and rewards quickly make past experiences outdated. Traditional experience replay (ER) methods, especially those using TD-error prioritization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Tianyang Duan , Zongyuan Zhang , Songxiao Guo , Yuanye Zhao , Zheng Lin , Zihan Fang , Yi Liu , Dianxin Luan , Dong Huang , Heming Cui , Yong Cui

The goal of reinforcement learning algorithms is to estimate and/or optimise the value function. However, unlike supervised learning, no teacher or oracle is available to provide the true value function. Instead, the majority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-25 Zhongwen Xu , Hado van Hasselt , David Silver

Aligning generative diffusion models with human preferences via reinforcement learning (RL) is critical yet challenging. Most existing algorithms are often vulnerable to reward hacking, such as quality degradation, over-stylization, or…

Over the recent years, Reinforcement Learning combined with Deep Learning techniques has successfully proven to solve complex problems in various domains, including robotics, self-driving cars, and finance. In this paper, we are introducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Petr Bobák , Ladislav Čmolík , Martin Čadík

Reinforcement learning (RL) is well known for requiring large amounts of data in order for RL agents to learn to perform complex tasks. Recent progress in model-based RL allows agents to be much more data-efficient, as it enables them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Remo Sasso , Matthia Sabatelli , Marco A. Wiering

One approach to meet the challenges of deep lifelong reinforcement learning (LRL) is careful management of the agent's learning experiences, to learn (without forgetting) and build internal meta-models (of the tasks, environments, agents,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Zachary Daniels , Aswin Raghavan , Jesse Hostetler , Abrar Rahman , Indranil Sur , Michael Piacentino , Ajay Divakaran

Real Time Strategy (RTS) games require macro strategies as well as micro strategies to obtain satisfactory performance since it has large state space, action space, and hidden information. This paper presents a novel hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Zhijian Zhang , Haozheng Li , Luo Zhang , Tianyin Zheng , Ting Zhang , Xiong Hao , Xiaoxin Chen , Min Chen , Fangxu Xiao , Wei Zhou

Continual RL requires an agent to learn new tasks without forgetting previous ones, while improving on both past and future tasks. The most common approaches use model-free algorithms and replay buffers can help to mitigate catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Luke Yang , Levin Kuhlmann , Gideon Kowadlo

Hierarchical reinforcement learning has been a compelling approach for achieving goal directed behavior over long sequences of actions. However, it has been challenging to implement in realistic or open-ended environments. A main challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Arun Ahuja , Kavya Kopparapu , Rob Fergus , Ishita Dasgupta

In the training process of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), agents require repetitive interactions with the environment. With an increase in training volume and model complexity, it is still a challenging problem to enhance data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Jingwen Wang , Dehui Du , Yida Li , Yiyang Li , Yikang Chen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms have led to recent successes in solving complex games, such as Atari or Starcraft, and to a huge impact in real-world applications, such as cybersecurity or autonomous driving. In the side of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Rubén Majadas , Javier García , Fernando Fernández

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to follow instructions with various constraints. Despite the encouraging results, RL improvement inevitably relies on sampling successful, high-quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kongcheng Zhang , Qi Yao , Shunyu Liu , Wenjian Zhang , Min Cen , Yang Zhou , Wenkai Fang , Yiru Zhao , Baisheng Lai , Mingli Song

One of the key behavioral characteristics used in neuroscience to determine whether the subject of study -- be it a rodent or a human -- exhibits model-based learning is effective adaptation to local changes in the environment, a particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Ali Rahimi-Kalahroudi , Janarthanan Rajendran , Ida Momennejad , Harm van Seijen , Sarath Chandar

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) learns to make decisions on multiple levels of temporal abstraction. A key challenge in HRL is that the low-level policy changes over time, making it difficult for the high-level policy to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Vivienne Huiling Wang , Tinghuai Wang , Joni Pajarinen

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated its potential to learn complex robotic manipulation tasks. However, RL still requires the robot to collect a large amount of real-world experience. To address this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Bohan Wu , Feng Xu , Zhanpeng He , Abhi Gupta , Peter K. Allen