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The automated generation of diverse and complex training scenarios has been an important ingredient in many complex learning tasks. Especially in real-world application domains, such as autonomous driving, auto-curriculum generation is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Axel Brunnbauer , Luigi Berducci , Peter Priller , Dejan Nickovic , Radu Grosu

The development of new assessment methods for the performance of automated vehicles is essential to enable the deployment of automated driving technologies, due to the complex operational domain of automated vehicles. One contributing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-28 E. de Gelder , J. -P. Paardekooper , A. Khabbaz Saberi , H. Elrofai , O. Op den Camp. , S. Kraines , J. Ploeg , B. De Schutter

This work introduces interactive traffic scenarios in the CARLA simulator, which are based on real-world traffic. We concentrate on tactical tasks lasting several seconds, which are especially challenging for current control methods. The…

Adversarial scenario generation is crucial for autonomous driving testing because it can efficiently simulate various challenge and complex traffic conditions. However, it is difficult to control current existing methods to generate desired…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Shuo Yang , Caojun Wang , Yuanjian Zhang , Yuming Yin , Yanjun Huang , Shengbo Eben Li , Hong Chen

With the rapid advancement of deep learning and related technologies, Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) have made significant progress and are gradually being widely applied in safety-critical fields. However, numerous accident reports show…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Pin Ji , Yang Feng , Zongtai Li , Xiangchi Zhou , Jia Liu , Jun Sun , Zhihong Zhao

Extensive testing is necessary to ensure the safety of autonomous driving modules. In addition to component tests, the safety assessment of individual modules also requires a holistic view at system level, which can be carried out…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Gemb Kaljavesi , Tobias Kerbl , Tobias Betz , Kirill Mitkovskii , Frank Diermeyer

Safety-critical scenarios are central to evaluating autonomous driving systems, yet their rarity in naturalistic logs makes simulation-based stress testing indispensable. Most scenario generation methods treat surrounding agents as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qiyu Ruan , Yuxuan Wang , He Li , Zhenning Li , Cheng-zhong Xu

One of the major impediments in deployment of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) is their safety and reliability. The primary reason for the complexity of testing ADS is that it operates in an open world characterized by its…

Systematic testing of autonomous vehicles operating in complex real-world scenarios is a difficult and expensive problem. We present Paracosm, a reactive language for writing test scenarios for autonomous driving systems. Paracosm allows…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Rupak Majumdar , Aman Mathur , Marcus Pirron , Laura Stegner , Damien Zufferey

While modern Autonomous Vehicle (AV) systems can develop reliable driving policies under regular traffic conditions, they frequently struggle with safety-critical traffic scenarios. This difficulty primarily arises from the rarity of such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Guanren Qiao , Guorui Quan , Jiawei Yu , Shujun Jia , Guiliang Liu

The autonomous car technology promises to replace human drivers with safer driving systems. But although autonomous cars can become safer than human drivers this is a long process that is going to be refined over time. Before these vehicles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Thomio Watanabe , Denis Wolf

Scenario-based testing with driving simulators is extensively used to identify failing conditions of automated driving assistance systems (ADAS). However, existing studies have shown that repeated test execution in the same as well as in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Lev Sorokin , Matteo Biagiola , Andrea Stocco

Autonomous driving (AD) testing constitutes a critical methodology for assessing performance benchmarks prior to product deployment. The creation of segmented scenarios within a simulated environment is acknowledged as a robust and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Xuan Cai , Xuesong Bai , Zhiyong Cui , Danmu Xie , Daocheng Fu , Haiyang Yu , Yilong Ren

As autonomous vehicle technology advances, the precise assessment of safety in complex traffic scenarios becomes crucial, especially in mixed-vehicle environments where human perception of safety must be taken into account. This paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Enrico Del Re , Amirhesam Aghanouri , Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

Simulation is a prospective method for generating diverse and realistic traffic scenarios to aid in the development of driving decision-making systems. However, existing simulators often fall short in diverse scenarios or interactive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yueyuan Li , Songan Zhang , Mingyang Jiang , Xingyuan Chen , Yeqiang Qian , Chunxiang Wang , Ming Yang

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years. An essential aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of quality and performance aspects of the AVs, such as safety, comfort, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Erwin de Gelder , Olaf Op den Camp

Simulation agents are essential for designing and testing systems that interact with humans, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs). These agents serve various purposes, from benchmarking AV performance to stress-testing system limits, but all…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Daphne Cornelisse , Aarav Pandya , Kevin Joseph , Joseph Suárez , Eugene Vinitsky

The validation of autonomous driving systems benefits greatly from the ability to generate scenarios that are both realistic and precisely controllable. Conventional approaches, such as real-world test drives, are not only expensive but…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yizhuo Xiao , Mustafa Suphi Erden , Cheng Wang

How many scenarios are sufficient to validate the safe Operational Design Domain (ODD) of an Automated Driving System (ADS) equipped vehicle? Is a more significant number of sampled scenarios guaranteeing a more accurate safety assessment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Bowen Weng , Linda Capito , Umit Ozguner , Keith Redmill

Simulation is an integral part in the process of developing autonomous vehicles and advantageous for training, validation, and verification of driving functions. Even though simulations come with a series of benefits compared to real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ferdinand Mütsch , Helen Gremmelmaier , Nicolas Becker , Daniel Bogdoll , Marc René Zofka , J. Marius Zöllner