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We develop the theory linking 'E-separation' in directed mixed graphs (DMGs) with conditional independence relations among coordinate processes in stochastic differential equations (SDEs), where causal relationships are determined by "which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Georg Manten , Cecilia Casolo , Søren Wengel Mogensen , Niki Kilbertus

We consider the problem of learning causal information between random variables in directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) when allowing arbitrarily many latent and selection variables. The FCI (Fast Causal Inference) algorithm has been explicitly…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-05-30 Diego Colombo , Marloes H. Maathuis , Markus Kalisch , Thomas S. Richardson

Inferring the causal relationships among a set of variables in the form of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is an important but notoriously challenging problem. Recently, advancements in high-throughput genomic perturbation screens have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Seong Woo Han , Daniel Duy Vo , Brielin C. Brown

We consider graphs that represent pairwise marginal independencies amongst a set of variables (for instance, the zero entries of a covariance matrix for normal data). We characterize the directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that faithfully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Johannes Textor , Alexander Idelberger , Maciej Liśkiewicz

Learning a Bayesian network (BN) from data can be useful for decision-making or discovering causal relationships. However, traditional methods often fail in modern applications, which exhibit a larger number of observed variables than data…

Computation · Statistics 2018-06-26 Raj Agrawal , Tamara Broderick , Caroline Uhler

We study experiment design for unique identification of the causal graph of a simple SCM, where the graph may contain cycles. The presence of cycles in the structure introduces major challenges for experiment design as, unlike acyclic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Ehsan Mokhtarian , Saber Salehkaleybar , AmirEmad Ghassami , Negar Kiyavash

Several causal discovery algorithms have been proposed. However, when the sample size is small relative to the number of variables, the accuracy of estimating causal graphs using existing methods decreases. And some methods are not feasible…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-06 Ming Cai , Hisayuki Hara

When designing new molecules with particular properties, it is not only important what to make but crucially how to make it. These instructions form a synthesis directed acyclic graph (DAG), describing how a large vocabulary of simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 John Bradshaw , Brooks Paige , Matt J. Kusner , Marwin H. S. Segler , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

We study the problem of experimental design for accurately identifying the causal graph structure of a simple structural causal model (SCM), where the underlying graph may include both cycles and bidirected edges induced by latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-03 Haijie Xu , Chen Zhang

Estimating the structure of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of features (variables) plays a vital role in revealing the latent data generation process and providing causal insights in various applications. Although there have been many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Shaohua Fan , Shuyang Zhang , Xiao Wang , Chuan Shi

Maximal Ancestral Graphs (MAGs) provide an abstract representation of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) with latent (selection) variables. These graphical objects encode information about ancestral relations and d-separations of the DAGs they…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Binghua Yao , Joris M. Mooij

The search space of Bayesian Network structures is usually defined as Acyclic Directed Graphs (DAGs) and the search is done by local transformations of DAGs. But the space of Bayesian Networks is ordered by DAG Markov model inclusion and it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Tomas Kocka , Robert Castelo

A growing body of work has begun to study intervention design for efficient structure learning of causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). A typical setting is a causally sufficient setting, i.e. a system with no latent confounders, selection…

We study the problem of learning the causal relationships between a set of observed variables in the presence of latents, while minimizing the cost of interventions on the observed variables. We assume access to an undirected graph $G$ on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Raghavendra Addanki , Andrew McGregor , Cameron Musco

We consider the problem of learning the structure of a causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) model in the presence of latent variables. We define latent factor causal models (LFCMs) as a restriction on causal DAG models with latent variables,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-06 Chandler Squires , Annie Yun , Eshaan Nichani , Raj Agrawal , Caroline Uhler

Understanding the complex mechanisms of the brain can be unraveled by extracting the Dynamic Effective Connectome (DEC). Recently, score-based Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) discovery methods have shown significant improvements in extracting…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-12 Abdolmahdi Bagheri , Mohammad Pasande , Kevin Bello , Babak Nadjar Araabi , Alireza Akhondi-Asl

We present a novel form of Fourier analysis, and associated signal processing concepts, for signals (or data) indexed by edge-weighted directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). This means that our Fourier basis yields an eigendecomposition of a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-29 Bastian Seifert , Chris Wendler , Markus Püschel

Hierarchical models for regionally aggregated disease incidence data commonly involve region specific latent random effects that are modeled jointly as having a multivariate Gaussian distribution. The covariance or precision matrix…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-30 Abhirup Datta , Sudipto Banerjee , James S. Hodges

Observational studies in fields such as epidemiology often rely on covariate adjustment to estimate causal effects. Classical graphical criteria, like the back-door criterion and the generalized adjustment criterion, are powerful tools for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-24 Isabela Belciug , Simon Ferreira , Charles K. Assaad

Causal inference with observational data critically relies on untestable and extra-statistical assumptions that have (sometimes) testable implications. Well-known sets of assumptions that are sufficient to justify the causal interpretation…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-20 Pablo Geraldo Bastías