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We study the allocation of deceased-donor lungs to patients in need of a transplant. Patients make sequential decisions in an order dictated by a priority policy. Using data from a prominent Organ Procurement Organization in the United…

General Economics · Economics 2024-11-19 Laura Doval , Federico Echenique Wanying Huang , Yi Xin

In kidney exchange programmes (KEP) patients may swap their incompatible donors leading to cycles of kidney transplants. Nowadays, countries try to merge their national patient-donor pools leading to international KEPs (IKEPs). As shown in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Márton Benedek , Péter Biró , Gergely Csáji , Matthew Johnson , Daniël Paulusma , Xin Ye

Societies often rely on human experts to take a wide variety of decisions affecting their members, from jail-or-release decisions taken by judges and stop-and-frisk decisions taken by police officers to accept-or-reject decisions taken by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-29 Isabel Valera , Adish Singla , Manuel Gomez Rodriguez

In kidney exchange programmes patients with end-stage renal failure may exchange their willing, but incompatible living donors among each other. National kidney exchange programmes are in operation in ten European countries, and some of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-22 Péter Biró , Márton Gyetvai , Radu Stefan Mincu , Alexandru Popa , Utkarsh Verma

Fair regression methods have the potential to mitigate societal bias concerns in health care, but there has been little work on penalized fair regression when multiple groups experience such bias. We propose a general regression framework…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-15 Carter H. Nakamoto , Lucia Lushi Chen , Agata Foryciarz , Sherri Rose

Rising provider turnover results in frequently needing to rematch patients with available providers. However, the rematching process is cumbersome for both patients and health systems, resulting in labor-intensive and ad hoc reassignments.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Naveen Raman , Holly Wiberg

Deep neural networks excel in medical imaging but remain prone to biases, leading to fairness gaps across demographic groups. We provide the first systematic exploration of Human-AI alignment and fairness in this domain. Our results show…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Haozhe Luo , Ziyu Zhou , Zixin Shu , Aurélie Pahud de Mortanges , Robert Berke , Mauricio Reyes

The burgeoning need for kidney transplantation mandates immediate attention. Mismatch of deceased donor-recipient kidney leads to post-transplant death. To ensure ideal kidney donor-recipient match and minimize post-transplant deaths, the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Ehsan Khan , Avishek Choudhury , Amy L Friedman , Daehan Won

The classical linear ordering problem seeks a single ranking representing a given preference matrix. While suitable for homogeneous populations, it fails when observed preferences arise from several latent groups with distinct ranking…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Juan A. Aledo , Concepción Domínguez , Juan de Dios Jaime-Alcántara , Mercedes Landete

The goal of a kidney exchange program (KEP) is to maximize number of transplants within a pool of incompatible patient-donor pairs by exchanging donors. A KEP can be modelled as a maximum matching problem in a graph. A KEP between…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Margarida Carvalho , Andrea Lodi

Human decision makers increasingly delegate choices to AI agents, raising a natural question: does the AI implement the human principal's preferences or pursue its own? To study this question using revealed preference techniques, I…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-31 Elchin Suleymanov

We consider the problem of packing node-disjoint directed paths in a directed graph. We consider a variant of this problem where each path starts within a fixed subset of root nodes, subject to a given bound on the length of paths. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-22 Patrick Eschenfeldt , David Gamarnik

Allocation of scarce resources is a recurring challenge for the public sector: something that emerges in areas as diverse as healthcare, disaster recovery, and social welfare. The complexity of these policy domains and the need for meeting…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Saba Esnaashari , Jonathan Bright , John Francis , Youmna Hashem , Vincent Straub , Deborah Morgan

We propose a novel and efficient algorithm for the collaborative preference completion problem, which involves jointly estimating individualized rankings for a set of entities over a shared set of items, based on a limited number of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-16 Suriya Gunasekar , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Joydeep Ghosh

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing in healthcare, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of services across various specialties, including cardiology, ophthalmology, dermatology, emergency medicine, etc. AI applications…

Recommendation algorithms typically build models based on historical user-item interactions (e.g., clicks, likes, or ratings) to provide a personalized ranked list of items. These interactions are often distributed unevenly over different…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Ziwei Zhu , Jianling Wang , James Caverlee

With the universal adoption of machine learning in healthcare, the potential for the automation of societal biases to further exacerbate health disparities poses a significant risk. We explore algorithmic fairness from the perspective of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Md Rahat Shahriar Zawad , Peter Washington

Motivated by kidney exchange, we study the following mechanism-design problem: On a directed graph (of transplant compatibilities among patient-donor pairs), the mechanism must select a simple path (a chain of transplantations) starting at…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Avrim Blum , Paul Gölz

Kidney exchange programs have been developed to overcome the compatibility challenges for patients with incompatible donors in kidney transplantation. A registry of such incompatible donor-recipient pairs is created, and compatibility is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Utkarsh Verma , Narayan Rangaraj

The seminal work of Roth, S\"onmez, & \"Unver shows that the Edmonds-Gallai structure theorem for non-bipartite matching can be leveraged to yield a randomized algorithm to match patient-donor pairs in kidney exchange with extraordinarily…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Claire Chang , Arin Khare , David Shmoys