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The disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole generates a sudden bright flare. Previous studies have focused on the disruption by single black holes, for which the fallback rate decays as~$\propto t^{-5/3}$. In this paper, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-21 Quentin Vigneron , Giuseppe Lodato , Alessio Guidarelli

The disruption of stars by supermassive black holes has been linked to more than a dozen flares in the cores of galaxies out to redshift $z \sim 0.4$. Modeling these flares properly requires a prediction of the rate of mass return to the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 James Guillochon , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

In a dense stellar environment, such as the core of a globular cluster (GC), dynamical interactions with black holes (BHs) are expected to lead to a variety of astrophysical transients. Here we explore tidal disruption events (TDEs) of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-21 Kyle Kremer , Wenbin Lu , Carl L. Rodriguez , Mitchell Lachat , Frederic Rasio

We use a simple framework to calculate the time evolution of the composition of the fallback material onto a supermassive black hole arising from the tidal disruption of main sequence stars. We study stars with masses between 0.8 and 3.0…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-27 Monica Gallegos-Garcia , Jamie Law-Smith , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

When a star passes too close to a supermassive black hole, it gets disrupted by strong tidal forces. The stellar debris then evolves into an elongated stream of gas that partly falls back towards the black hole. We present an analytical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-18 Clément Bonnerot , Martin E. Pessah , Wenbin Lu

The tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) is a highly energetic event with consequences dependent on the degree to which the star plunges inside the SMBH's tidal sphere. We introduce a new analytic model for tidal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Nicholas Stone , Re'em Sari , Abraham Loeb

When a star passes close to a supermassive black hole (BH), the BH's tidal forces rip it apart into a thin stream, leading to a tidal disruption event (TDE). In this work, we study the post-disruption phase of TDEs in general relativistic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-15 Zachary L. Andalman , Matthew T. P. Liska , Alexander Tchekhovskoy , Eric R. Coughlin , Nicholas Stone

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) result from stars being gravitationally-scattered into low angular momentum orbits around massive black holes. We show that the short lifetimes of massive Population III stars at high redshifts could…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-19 Thomas H. T. Wong , George M. Fuller

When a star approaches a black hole closely, it may be pulled apart by gravitational forces in a tidal disruption event (TDE). The flares produced by TDEs are unique tracers of otherwise quiescent supermassive black holes (SMBHs) located at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-17 Felipe G. Goicovic , Volker Springel , Sebastian T. Ohlmann , Ruediger Pakmor

Stars that pass too close to a supermassive black hole are disrupted by the black hole's tidal gravity and leads to some debris being ejected while the remainder accretes into the black hole. To better study the physics of this debris, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-02 Alexandra Spaulding , Philip Chang

Tidal disruption events (TDE) in which a star is devoured by a massive black hole at a galac- tic center pose a challenge to our understanding of accretion processes. Within a month the accretion rate reaches super-Eddington levels. It then…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-19 Tsvi Piran , Aleksander Sadowski , Alexander Tchekhovskoy

Stars can be ripped apart by tidal forces in the vicinity of a massive black hole (MBH), causing luminous flares known as tidal disruption events (TDEs). These events could be contributing to the mass growth of intermediate-mass MBHs, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-18 M. Polkas , S. Bonoli , E. Bortolas , D. Izquierdo-Villalba , A. Sesana , L. Broggi , N. Hoyer , D. Spinoso

A star destroyed by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in a tidal disruption event (TDE) enables the study of SMBHs. We propose that the distance within which a star is completely destroyed by a SMBH, defined $r_{\rm t, c}$, is accurately…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Eric R. Coughlin , Chris Nixon

We describe a model of tidal disruption events (TDEs) with input physical parameters that include the black hole (BH) mass $M_{\bullet}$, the specific orbital energy $E$, the angular momentum $J$, the star mass $M_{\star}$ and radius…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-16 A. Mangalam , T. Mageshwaran

In a tidal disruption event (TDE), a star is disrupted by the tidal field of a massive black hole, creating a debris stream that returns to the black hole, forms an accretion flow, and powers a luminous flare. Over the last few decades,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-22 Noah Kubli , Alessia Franchini , Eric R. Coughlin , C. J. Nixon , Sebastian Keller , Pedro R. Capelo , Lucio Mayer

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are powerful probes of supermassive black hole (SMBH) properties and accretion physics. The existing light curve fitting tools assume that the disrupted stars are on parabolic orbits, which may introduce…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-27 Shiyan Zhong , Chenxi Shang , Xiaowei Liu

An encounter between a passing star and a massive black hole at the centre of a galaxy, a so-called tidal disruption event or TDE, may leave a debris disc that subsequently accretes onto the hole. We solve for the time evolution of such a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-09-19 Steven A. Balbus , Andrew Mummery

We study tidal disruption events of rotating stars by a supermassive black hole in a galactic nucleus by using a smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code. We compare mass infall rates of tidal-disruption debris of a non-rotating and of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-05-28 Kazuki Kagaya , Shin'ichirou Yoshida , Ataru Tanikawa

Nuclear star clusters (NSCs), made up of a dense concentrations of stars and the compact objects they leave behind, are ubiquitous in the central regions of galaxies, surrounding the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Close…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-28 Taeho Ryu , Rosalba Perna , Matteo Cantiello

We develop a Newtonian model of a deep tidal disruption event (TDE), for which the pericenter distance of the star, $r_{\rm p}$, is well within the tidal radius of the black hole, $r_{\rm t}$, i.e., when $\beta \equiv r_{\rm t}/r_{\rm p}…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-16 Eric R. Coughlin , Chris Nixon