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A big mystery in deep learning continues to be the ability of methods to generalize when the number of model parameters is larger than the number of training examples. In this work, we take a step towards a better understanding of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Romain Cosentino , Randall Balestriero , Richard Baraniuk , Behnaam Aazhang

Autoencoders have achieved great success in various computer vision applications. The autoencoder learns appropriate low dimensional image representations through the self-supervised paradigm, i.e., reconstruction. Existing studies mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Jianzhang Zheng , Hao Shen , Jian Yang , Xuan Tang , Mingsong Chen , Hui Yu , Jielong Guo , Xian Wei

Autoencoders represent an effective approach for computing the underlying factors characterizing datasets of different types. The latent representation of autoencoders have been studied in the context of enabling interpolation between data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Alon Oring , Zohar Yakhini , Yacov Hel-Or

Autoencoders are widely used for dimensionality reduction, based on the assumption that high-dimensional data lies on low-dimensional manifolds. Regularized autoencoders aim to preserve manifold geometry during dimensionality reduction, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Qipeng Zhan , Zhuoping Zhou , Zexuan Wang , Qi Long , Li Shen

A fundamental task in data exploration is to extract simplified low dimensional representations that capture intrinsic geometry in data, especially for faithfully visualizing data in two or three dimensions. Common approaches to this task…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-30 Andrés F. Duque , Sacha Morin , Guy Wolf , Kevin R. Moon

We study a simple unsupervised regularization scheme for autoencoders called Manifold-Matching (MMAE): we align the pairwise distances in the latent space to those of the input data space by minimizing mean squared error. Because alignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Laurent Cheret , Vincent Létourneau , Isar Nejadgholi , Chris Drummond , Hussein Al Osman , Maia Fraser

Autoencoders are a type of unsupervised neural networks, which can be used to solve various tasks, e.g., dimensionality reduction, image compression, and image denoising. An AE has two goals: (i) compress the original input to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Firas Laakom , Jenni Raitoharju , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

This paper proposes an autoencoder (AE) that is used for improving the performance of once-class classifiers for the purpose of detecting anomalies. Traditional one-class classifiers (OCCs) perform poorly under certain conditions such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Kasra Babaei , ZhiYuan Chen , Tomas Maul

Autoencoders have emerged as powerful models for visualization and dimensionality reduction based on the fundamental assumption that high-dimensional data is generated from a low-dimensional manifold. A critical challenge in autoencoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qipeng Zhan , Zhuoping Zhou , Zexuan Wang , Li Shen

The autoencoder is an unsupervised learning paradigm that aims to create a compact latent representation of data by minimizing the reconstruction loss. However, it tends to overlook the fact that most data (images) are embedded in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Alokendu Mazumder , Tirthajit Baruah , Bhartendu Kumar , Rishab Sharma , Vishwajeet Pattanaik , Punit Rathore

Autoencoders have been widely used for dimensional reduction and feature extraction. Various types of autoencoders have been proposed by introducing regularization terms. Most of these regularizations improve representation learning by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Yuzhu Guo , Kang Pan , Simeng Li , Zongchang Han , Kexin Wang , Li Li

Regularized autoencoders learn the latent codes, a structure with the regularization under the distribution, which enables them the capability to infer the latent codes given observations and generate new samples given the codes. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Wenju Xu , Shawn Keshmiri , Guanghui Wang

Autoencoders provide a powerful framework for learning compressed representations by encoding all of the information needed to reconstruct a data point in a latent code. In some cases, autoencoders can "interpolate": By decoding the convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-25 David Berthelot , Colin Raffel , Aurko Roy , Ian Goodfellow

Autoencoders and their variations provide unsupervised models for learning low-dimensional representations for downstream tasks. Without proper regularization, autoencoder models are susceptible to the overfitting problem and the so-called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Hanwei Wu , Markus Flierl

While many phenomena in physics and engineering are formally high-dimensional, their long-time dynamics often live on a lower-dimensional manifold. The present work introduces an autoencoder framework that combines implicit regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Kevin Zeng , Carlos E. Pérez De Jesús , Andrew J. Fox , Michael D. Graham

Autoencoders are a widespread tool in machine learning to transform high-dimensional data into a lowerdimensional representation which still exhibits the essential characteristics of the input. The encoder provides an embedding from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Juliane Braunsmann , Marko Rajković , Martin Rumpf , Benedikt Wirth

While high-dimensional embedding vectors are being increasingly employed in various tasks like Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Recommendation Systems, popular dimensionality reduction (DR) methods such as PCA and UMAP have rarely been…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Han Zhang , Dongfang Zhao

Inverse problems often involve matching observational data using a physical model that takes a large number of parameters as input. These problems tend to be under-constrained and require regularization to impose additional structure on the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-06-07 Daniel O'Malley , John K. Golden , Velimir V. Vesselinov

Autoencoders are commonly used in representation learning. They consist of an encoder and a decoder, which provide a straightforward way to map n-dimensional data in input space to a lower m-dimensional representation space and back. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Viktoria Schuster , Anders Krogh

One aim of dimensionality reduction is to discover the main factors that explain the data, and as such is paramount to many applications. When working with high dimensional data, autoencoders offer a simple yet effective approach to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Benjamin Couéraud , Vikram Sunkara , Christof Schütte
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