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The current verification flow of complex systems uses different engines synergistically: virtual prototyping, formal verification, simulation, emulation and FPGA prototyping. However, none is able to verify a complete architecture.…
The Isabelle/HOL proof assistant has a powerful library for continuous analysis, which provides the foundation for verification of hybrid systems. However, Isabelle lacks automated proof support for continuous artifacts, which means that…
The spread of autonomous systems into safety-critical areas has increased the demand for their formal verification, not only due to stronger certification requirements but also to public uncertainty over these new technologies. However, the…
We formally introduce IsaVODEs (Isabelle verification with Ordinary Differential Equations), a framework for the verification of cyber-physical systems. We describe the semantic foundations of the framework's formalisation in the…
The coordination of multiple autonomous vehicles into convoys or platoons is expected on our highways in the near future. However, before such platoons can be deployed, the new autonomous behaviors of the vehicles in these platoons must be…
We extend a semantic verification framework for hybrid systems with the Isabelle/HOL proof assistant by an algebraic model for hybrid program stores, a shallow expression model for hybrid programs and their correctness specifications, and…
The kind of closed-loop verification likely to be required for autonomous vehicle (AV) safety testing is beyond the reach of traditional test methodologies and discrete verification. Validation puts the autonomous vehicle system to the test…
Assurance cases are often required to certify critical systems. The use of formal methods in assurance can improve automation, increase confidence, and overcome errant reasoning. However, assurance cases can never be fully formalised, as…
In the realm of autonomous driving, the development and integration of highly complex and heterogeneous systems are standard practice. Modern vehicles are not monolithic systems; instead, they are composed of diverse hardware components,…
Simulation is essential to validate autonomous driving systems. However, a simple simulation, even for an extremely high number of simulated miles or hours, is not sufficient. We need well-founded criteria showing that simulation does…
This paper explores the state of the art on to methods to verify and validate navigation algorithms for autonomous surface ships. We perform a systematic mapping study to find research works published in the last 10 years proposing new…
We present a new approach to automated scenario-based testing of the safety of autonomous vehicles, especially those using advanced artificial intelligence-based components, spanning both simulation-based evaluation as well as testing in…
With the introduction of autonomous technology into our society, e.g. autonomous shipping, it is important to assess and assure the safety of autonomous systems in a real-world context. Simulation-based testing is a common approach to…
Safety and mission performance validation of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is a major challenge. In this paper we describe a methodology for constructing and applying assertion checks to validate the behaviour of an AV operating either in…
Autonomous systems -- such as self-driving cars, autonomous drones, and automated trains -- must come with strong safety guarantees. Over the past decade, techniques based on formal methods have enjoyed some success in providing strong…
Automated Vehicles (AVs) are rapidly maturing in the transportation domain. However, the complexity of the AV design problem is such that no single technique is sufficient to provide adequate validation of key properties such as safety,…
Industrial cyber-physical systems are hybrid systems with strict safety requirements. Despite not having a formal semantics, most of these systems are modeled using Stateflow/Simulink for mainly two reasons: (1) it is easier to model, test,…
Hybrid systems with both discrete and continuous dynamics are an important model for real-world cyber-physical systems. The key challenge is to ensure their correct functioning w.r.t. safety requirements. Promising techniques to ensure…
Control systems on unmanned vehicles are safety-critical systems whose requirements on reliability and safety are ever-increasing. Currently, testing a complex autonomous control system is an expensive and time-consuming process, which…
In this paper, we present a domain specific process to assist the verification of observer-based fault detection software. Observer-based fault detection systems, like control systems, yield invariant properties of quadratic types. These…