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For a group $G$ and a subset $X$ of $G$, the commuting graph of $X$, denoted by $\Gamma(G,X)$ is the graph whose vertex set is $X$ and any two vertices $u$ and $v$ in $X$ are adjacent if and only if they commute in $G$. In this article,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Vipul Kakkar , Gopal Singh Rawat

The completeness properties of spaces of immersed curves equipped with reparametrization-invariant Riemannian metrics have recently been the subject of active research. This thesis studies the metric completion of spaces of immersed open…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Ronny Gelman

Group lattices (Cayley digraphs) of a discrete group are in natural correspondence with differential calculi on the group. On such a differential calculus geometric structures can be introduced following general recipes of noncommutative…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Aristophanes Dimakis , Folkert Muller-Hoissen

Since categories are graphs with additional "structure", one should start from fuzzy graphs in order to define a theory of fuzzy categories. Thus is makes sense to introduce categories whose morphisms are associated with a plausibility…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-07 Apostolos Syropoulos

A brief review is given of an adaptation of the coadjoint orbit method appropriate for study of models with infinite-dimensional symmetry groups. It is illustrated on several examples, including derivation of the WZNW action of induced…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Emil Nissimov , Svetlana Pacheva

We develop the structure theory of full isometry groups of locally compact non-positively curved metric spaces. Amongst the discussed themes are de Rham decompositions, normal subgroup structure and characterising properties of symmetric…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2010-01-18 P. -E. Caprace , N. Monod

We introduce a type of surgery on metric spaces. This surgery, in some sense, seeks to replace a subspace $S$ of a metric space $X$ with another metric space $T$ via a function $f : S \to T$. When $T$ is a discrete space, this amounts to…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-08-01 Matt Clay , Josh Thompson

We prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for fixed points of contraction maps in the framework of quantum metric spaces, where distinguishability is defined by the $L^2$ norm: $d_Q(\psi_1,\psi_2) = \|\psi_1 - \psi_2\|$. The result…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Nicola Fabiano

Comparing and recognizing metrics can be extraordinarily difficult because of the group of diffeomorphisms. Two metrics, that could even be the same, could look completely different in different coordinates. This is the gauge problem. The…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-03-21 Tobias Holck Colding , William P. Minicozzi

Two groups are virtually isomorphic if they can be obtained one from the other via a finite number of steps, where each step consists in taking a finite extension or a finite index subgroup (or viceversa). Virtually isomorphic groups are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-02-15 Roberto Frigerio

We consider generalized diffeomorphisms on an extended mega-space associated to the U-duality group of gauged maximal supergravity in four dimensions, E_7. Through the bein for the extended metric we derive dynamical (field-dependent)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 G. Aldazabal , M. Graña , D. Marqués , J. A. Rosabal

The covariance group for general relativity, the diffeomorphisms, is replaced by a group of coordinate transformations which contains the diffeomorphisms as a proper subgroup. The larger group is defined by the assumption that all observers…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-27 Dave Pandres,

Graphs serve as efficient tools for visualizing mathematical concepts and their interrelationships. In this paper, focusing on the discrete case with universal set with finite elements, we first introduce the rules and characteristics of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-10-12 Jian-Zhang Wu , Gleb Beliakov

We prove that for any constant $K>0$ there exists a separable group equipped with a complete bi-invariant metric bounded by $K$, isometric to the Urysohn sphere of diameter $K$, that is of `almost-universal disposition'. It is thus an…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-02-09 Michal Doucha

A quandle is an algebraic system originating in knot theory, which can be regarded as a generalization of the conjugation of groups. This structure naturally defines two subgroups of its automorphism group, which are called the inner…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Kohei Iwamoto , Ryoya Kai , Yuya Kodama

We define metric bundles/metric graph bundles which provide a purely topological/coarse-geometric generalization of the notion of trees of metric spaces a la Bestvina-Feighn in the special case that the inclusions of the edge spaces into…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-12-04 Mahan Mj , Pranab Sardar

We prove three structural impossibility results demonstrating that fuzzy metric spaces cannot capture essential features of quantum state geometry. First, we show they cannot model destructive interference between concepts due to phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Nicola Fabiano

We prove two isomorphism-invariance theorems for groupoids associated with ultragraphs. These theorems characterize ultragraphs for which the topological full group of an associated groupoid is an isomorphism invariant. These results extend…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-05-06 Gilles Gonçalves de Castro , Daniel Gonçalves , Daniel W van Wyk

This paper is devoted to the construction of norm-preserving maps between bounded cohomology groups. For a graph of groups with amenable edge groups we construct an isometric embedding of the direct sum of the bounded cohomology of the…

Fuzzy graph-based structures such as fuzzy automata, fuzzy labeled transition systems, fuzzy Kripke models, fuzzy social networks and fuzzy interpretations in fuzzy description logics are useful in various applications. Given two states,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Linh Anh Nguyen