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Gravitational waves propagate along null geodesics like light rays in the geometrical optics approximation, and they may have a chance to suffer from gravitational lensing by intervening objects, as is the case for electromagnetic waves.…
Light beams carrying orbital angular momentum are key resources in modern photonics. In many applications, the ability of measuring the complex spectrum of structured light beams in terms of these fundamental modes is crucial. Here we…
Matter-wave interferometry has been largely studied in the last few years. Usually, the main problem in the analysis of the diffraction experiments is to establish the causes for the loss of coherence observed in the interference pattern.…
Classical entanglement refers to non-separable correlations between the polarization direction and the polarization amplitude of a light field. The degree of entanglement is quantified by the Schmidt number, taking the value of unity for a…
Increasingly, critical decisions in public policy, governance, and business strategy rely on a deeper understanding of the needs and opinions of constituent members (e.g. citizens, shareholders). While it has become easier to collect a…
A key challenge for starshades is formation flying. To successfully image exoplanets, the telescope boresight and starshade must be aligned to ~1 m at separations of tens of thousands of kilometers. This challenge has two parts: first, the…
The present paper describes the experimental implementation of a measuring technique employing a slowly moving, near resonant, optical standing wave in the context of trapped ions. It is used to measure several figures of merit that are…
Astrometry is one of the oldest branches of astronomy which measures the position, the proper motion and parallax of celestial objects. Following the Hipparcos and Gaia missions that have measured several billions of them using global…
We propose a method to build an astronomical interferometer using continuous variable quantum teleportation to overcome the transmission loss between distant telescopes. The scheme relies on two-mode squeezed states shared by distant…
Given a set of sequences, the distance between pairs of them helps us to find their similarity and derive structural relationship amongst them. For genomic sequences such measures make it possible to construct the evolution tree of…
A flat membrane with given shape is displayed; two points in the membrane are randomly selected; the probability that the separation between the points have a specified value is sought. A simple method to evaluate the probability density is…
We present a quantum sensing scheme achieving the ultimate quantum sensitivity in the estimation of the transverse displacement between two photons interfering at a balanced beam splitter, based on transverse-momentum sampling measurements…
Holography is 3D imaging which can record intensity and phase at the same time. The importance of construct hologram is holographic recording and wavefront reconstruction. It is surprised that holography be discovered in study interstellar…
Alternative novel measures of the distance between any two partitions of a n-set are proposed and compared, together with a main existing one, namely 'partition-distance' D(.,.). The comparison achieves by checking their restriction to…
In this paper, we prove that two different observers don't equally measure the distance between two points A and B. For this, we introduce some postulates and obtain a new formula to show distance between A and B. In this formula, radius of…
The luminosity functions of galaxies and quasars provide invaluable information about galaxy and quasar formation. Estimating the luminosity function from magnitude limited samples is relatively straightforward, provided that the distances…
Laser remote sensing represents a powerful tool that enables the accurate measurement of the speed of moving targets. Crucially, most sensing techniques are 2-Dimensional and only enable direct determination of the speed along the line of…
We present a new technique for directly measuring the distances to superluminal radio sources. By comparing the observed proper motions of components in a parsec scale radio jet to their measured Doppler factors, we can deduce the distance…
For the sake of complete theoretical research of atmospheric refraction, the atmospheric refraction under the condition of lower angles of elevation is still worthy to be analyzed and explored. In some engineering applications, the objects…
We discuss a new formalism for light propagation which can be used within the regime of validity of geometric optics, but with no limitation on the scales of interest: from inside the Galaxy to the ultra-large scales of cosmology. One of…