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Partial condensation of dust from the Solar nebula is likely responsible for the diverse chemical compositions of chondrites and rocky planets/planetesimals in the inner Solar system. We present a forward physical-chemical model of a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-13 Min Li , Shichun Huang , Michail I. Petaev , Zhaohuan Zhu , Jason H. Steffen

The current picture of terrestrial planet formation relies heavily on our understanding of the dynamical evolution of planetesimals -- asteroid-like bodies thought to be planetary building blocks. In this study we investigate the growth of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Roman R. Rafikov

Forming planetesimals from pebbles is a major challenge in our current understanding of planet formation. In a protoplanetary disk, pebbles drift inward near the disk midplane via gas drag and they may enter a dead zone. In this context, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-27 Ryuki Hyodo , Shigeru Ida , Tristan Guillot

A planetary system can undergo multiple episodes of intense dynamical activities throughout its life, resulting in the production of star-grazing planetesimals (or exocomets) and pollution of the host star. Such activity is especially…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-27 Laetitia Rodet , Dong Lai

Past studies have revealed the dependency of the disc parameters (mass, radius, viscosity, grain fragmentation velocity, dust-to-gas ratio) on the formation of giant planets, where more massive discs seem beneficial for giant planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-18 Angie Daniela Guzmán Franco , Sofia Savvidou , Bertram Bitsch

We conduct a pebble-driven planet population synthesis study to investigate the formation of planets around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, in the (sub)stellar mass range between $0.01 \ M_{\odot}$ and $0.1 \ M_{\odot}$. Based on the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-01 Beibei Liu , Michiel Lambrechts , Anders Johansen , Ilaria Pascucci , Thomas Henning

As of today over 40 planetary systems have been discovered in binary star systems. In all cases the configuration appears to be circumstellar, where the planets orbit around one of the stars, the secondary acting as a perturber. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Willy Kley

The streaming instability and pebble accretion are two physical mechanisms with demonstrated potentials to drive, respectively, the formation of planetesimals and the growth of planetary systems containing a diverse range of planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Anders Johansen , Wladimir Lyra

The occurrence rate of cold Jupiters was found to depend on stellar mass. The formation environment in the protoplanetary disks regulates core formation and the subsequent gas accretion. In this study, we simulate giant planet formation via…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-27 Sho Shibata , Ravit Helled

Aims. Dust plays a crucial role in the evolution of protoplanetary disks. We study the dynamics and growth of initially sub-$\mu m$ dust particles in self-gravitating young protoplanetary disks with various strengths of turbulent viscosity.…

The formation mechanism of planetesimals in protoplanetary discs is hotly debated. Currently, the favoured model involves the accumulation of meter-sized objects within a turbulent disc, followed by a phase of gravitational instability. At…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-03-16 Hanno Rein , Geoffroy Lesur , Zoe M. Leinhardt

Observations of dusty debris disks can be used to test theories of planetesimal coagulation. Planetesimals of sizes up to a couple thousand kms are embedded in these disks and their mutual collisions generate the small dust grains that are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-03 Andrew B. Shannon , Yanqin Wu

An unsolved issue in the standard core accretion model for gaseous planet formation is how kilometre-sized planetesimals form from, initially, micron-sized dust grains. Solid growth beyond metre sizes can be difficult both because the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 W. K. M. Rice , G. Lodato , J. E. Pringle , P. J. Armitage , I. A. Bonnell

Streaming instability is a key mechanism in planet formation, clustering pebbles into planetesimals. It is triggered at a particular disk location where the local volume density of solids exceeds that of the gas. After their formation,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-24 Beibei Liu , Chris W. Ormel , Anders Johansen

The formation of planetary cores must proceed rapidly in order for the giant planets to accrete their gaseous envelopes before the dissipation of the protoplanetary gas disc (<3 Myr). In orbits beyond 10 AU, direct accumulation of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-05 Michiel Lambrechts , Anders Johansen

We study the orbital evolution of the 4 giant planets of our solar system in a gas disk. Our investigation extends the previous works by Masset and Snellgrove (2001) and Morbidelli and Crida (2007, MC07), which focussed on the dynamics of…

The formation of gas-giant planets within the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk is challenging especially far from a star. A promising model for the rapid formation of giant-planet cores is pebble accretion in which gas drag during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 John Chambers

Our understanding of protoplanetary disks has greatly improved over the last decade due to a wealth of data from new facilities. Unbiased dust surveys with Spitzer leave us with good constraints on the dust dispersal timescale of small…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-04 Inga Kamp , Stefano Antonellini , Andres Carmona , John Ilee , Christian Rab

Small, pebble-sized objects and large bodies of planetesimal size both play important roles in planet formation. They form the evolutionary steps of dust growth in their own respect. However, at later times, they are also thought to provide…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-02 Tunahan Demirci , Niclas Schneider , Jens Teiser , Gerhard Wurm

In the core accretion scenario, a massive core forms first and then accretes an envelope. When discussing how this core forms some divergences appear. First scenarios of planet formation predict the accretion of km-sized bodies, called…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-05 Natacha Brügger , Remo Burn , Gavin Coleman , Yann Alibert , Willy Benz